Amabhuloho ayindalo ebalulekile emlandweni wesintu. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo lapho abantu besebenzisa izihlahla ezigawuliwe namatshe anqwabelene ukuze bawele imisele yamanzi nemihosha, kuze kufike ekusetshenzisweni kwamabhuloho namabhuloho anamakhebula, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuye kwaba okuphawulekayo. Ukuvulwa kwakamuva kwebhuloho laseHong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao kuphawula ingqophamlando ebalulekile emlandweni wamabhuloho. Ekwakhiweni kwebhuloho lesimanje, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa izakhiwo zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe, izinto zensimbi, ikakhulukazi ama-alloys e-aluminium, seziyinketho evamile ngenxa yezinzuzo zazo ezihlukahlukene.
Ngo-1933, kwasetshenziswa umpheme wokuqala emhlabeni webhuloho le-aluminium alloy ebhulohweni eligudla umfula ePittsburgh e-United States. Eminyakeni engaphezu kweshumi kamuva, ngo-1949, iCanada yaqeda ibhuloho eliyikhothamo eliyi-aluminum elihlanganisa uMfula iSaguenay eQuebec, elinendawo eyodwa efinyelela kumamitha angu-88.4. Leli bhuloho laliyisakhiwo sokuqala se-aluminiyamu emhlabeni wonke. Ibhuloho linezinsimbi ezicishe zibe ngamamitha angu-15 ukuphakama kanye nemizila emibili yezimoto. Yasebenzisa i-aluminium alloy engu-2014-T6 futhi inesisindo esingamathani angu-163. Uma kuqhathaniswa nebhuloho lensimbi elalihlelelwe ekuqaleni, lehlise isisindo cishe ngo-56%.
Kusukela lapho, inkambiso yamabhuloho esakhiwo se-aluminium alloy ibilokhu ingenakuvinjwa. Phakathi kuka-1949 no-1985, i-United Kingdom yakha amabhuloho angaba ngu-35 e-aluminium alloy structural, kuyilapho iJalimane yakha cishe amabhuloho anjalo angama-20 phakathi kuka-1950 no-1970.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi, izinto ze-aluminium alloy zinesisindo esiphansi, okuzenza zibe lula kakhulu, zibe no-34% kuphela wesisindo sensimbi ngevolumu efanayo. Nokho, banezici zamandla ezifana nezensimbi. Ukwengeza, ama-alloys e-aluminium abonisa ukunwebeka okuhle kakhulu nokumelana nokugqwala kuyilapho enezindleko eziphansi zokulungisa izakhiwo. Ngenxa yalokho, bathole ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ekwakhiweni kwamabhuloho esimanje.
I-China yenze igxathu elikhulu ekwakhiweni kwamabhuloho. Ibhuloho laseZhaozhou, elineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-1500, lingenye yezimpumelelo eziphakeme zobunjiniyela bamabhuloho bakudala baseShayina. Esikhathini samanje, ngosizo lwezwe elaliyiSoviet Union, iChina yakha namabhuloho ensimbi amaningana, okuhlanganisa namabhuloho oMfula iYangtze eNanjing naseWuhan, kanye nePearl River Bridge eGuangzhou. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwamabhuloho e-aluminium alloy e-China kubonakala kunomkhawulo. Ibhuloho lokuqala le-aluminium alloy structural e-China kwakuyibhuloho labahamba ngezinyawo ku-Qingchun Road e-Hangzhou, elakhiwa ngo-2007. Leli bhuloho laklanywa futhi lafakwa onjiniyela bamabhuloho baseJalimane, futhi zonke izinto zokwakha zazingeniswa zivela eJalimane. Ngawo lowo nyaka, ibhuloho labahamba ngezinyawo e-Xujiahui, e-Shanghai, lathuthukiswa ngokuphelele futhi lakhiqizwa ekhaya kusetshenziswa izakhiwo ze-aluminium alloy. Ngokuyinhloko yayisebenzisa i-aluminium alloy engu-6061-T6 futhi, naphezu kwesisindo sayo esingamathani angu-15, yayikwazi ukusekela umthwalo wamathani angu-50.
Ngokuzayo, amabhuloho e-aluminium alloy anamathuba amakhulu okuthuthuka e-China ngezizathu ezimbalwa:
1 Ukwakhiwa kwesitimela esinesivinini esikhulu saseChina kuyadlondlobala, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zezifunda zasentshonalanga ezinezigodi nemifula eminingi. Amabhuloho e-aluminium alloy, ngenxa yokukhululeka kwawo kwezokuthutha kanye nezakhiwo ezingasindi, kulindeleke ukuthi abe nemakethe enkulu engaba khona.
2 Izinto zensimbi zijwayele ukugqwala futhi zingasebenzi kahle emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ukugqwala kwensimbi kuthinta kakhulu ukuzinza kwebhuloho, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphakeme zokunakekela kanye nezingozi zokuphepha. Ngokuphambene, izinto ze-aluminium alloy zinokumelana nokugqwala okuqinile futhi zisebenza kahle emazingeni okushisa aphansi, zizenze zifanelekele izimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene futhi ziqinisekise ukuqina kwesikhathi eside. Nakuba amabhuloho e-aluminium alloy angase abe nezindleko zokwakha eziphakeme zokuqala, izindleko zabo zokulungisa eziphansi zingasiza ukunciphisa igebe lezindleko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
3 Ucwaningo lwamaphaneli ebhuloho le-aluminium, ngaphakathi nangaphandle, luthuthukiswe kahle, futhi lezi zinto zisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukuthuthuka ocwaningweni lwezinto kunikeza isiqinisekiso sobuchwepheshe sokwenza ama-alloys amasha ahlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza ezihlukile. Abakhiqizi be-aluminium baseShayina, okuhlanganisa izikhondlakhondla zemboni ezifana no-Liaoning Zhongwang, kancane kancane bashintshe ukugxila kwabo kumaphrofayili e-aluminium yezimboni, babeka isisekelo sokwakhiwa kwebhuloho le-aluminium alloy.
4 Ukwakhiwa kwesitimela esihamba ngaphansi komhlaba esisheshayo emadolobheni amakhulu aseShayina kubeka izimfuneko eziqinile zezakhiwo ezivela phezulu. Ngenxa yezinzuzo zabo ezibalulekile zesisindo, kubonakala kusengaphambili ukuthi amabhuloho engeziwe e-aluminium alloy kanye nothelawayeka azoklanywa futhi asetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo.
Ihlelwe nguMay Jiang evela kwaMAT Aluminium
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-15-2024
