Ngokuvamile, ukuze uthole izakhiwo eziphakeme zemishini, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme le-extrusion kufanele likhethwe. Kodwa-ke, ku-alloy ye-6063, lapho izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile le-extrusion lingaphezulu kuka-540 ° C, izakhiwo zemishini yephrofayili ngeke zisakhula, futhi uma ingaphansi kuka-480 ° C, amandla okudonsa angase angafaneleki.
Uma izinga lokushisa le-extrusion liphezulu kakhulu, amabhamuza, ukuqhekeka, nokuklwebheka kwendawo ngisho nama-burrs azovela emkhiqizo ngenxa ye-aluminium enamathela esikhunjeni. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole imikhiqizo enekhwalithi ephezulu, amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu e-extrusion avame ukusetshenziswa.
Imishini emihle iphinde ibe yiphuzu elibalulekile lokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium extrusion, ikakhulukazi izingcezu ezintathu ezinkulu ze-aluminium extruder, i-aluminium rod yokushisisa isithando somlilo, nesithando sokushisa isikhunta. Ngaphezu kwalokho, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba no-opharetha we-extrusion omuhle kakhulu.
Ukuhlaziya okushisayo
Izinti ze-aluminium nezinduku zidinga ukushisisa ngaphambi kokukhishwa ukuze kufinyelele izinga lokushisa eliseduze nezinga lokushisa le-solvus, ukuze i-magnesium entweni ye-aluminium ikwazi ukuncibilika futhi igeleze ngokulinganayo ezintweni ze-aluminium. Lapho induku ye-aluminium ifakwa ku-extruder, izinga lokushisa alishintshi kakhulu.
Lapho i-extruder iqala, amandla amakhulu okuphusha enduku ekhiphayo asunduza impahla ye-aluminium ethambile iphume emgodini wokufa, okhiqiza ukungqubuzana okuningi, okuguqulelwa kuzinga lokushisa, ukuze izinga lokushisa lephrofayili ekhishweyo lidlule izinga lokushisa le-solvus. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-magnesium iyancibilika futhi igeleza nxazonke, okuyinto engazinzile kakhulu.
Lapho izinga lokushisa liphakanyiswa, akufanele libe ngaphezu kokushisa kwe-solidus, ngaphandle kwalokho i-aluminium nayo izoncibilika, futhi iphrofayili ayikwazi ukwakhiwa. Ukuthatha i-alloy yochungechunge lwe-6000 njengesibonelo, izinga lokushisa lenduku ye-aluminium kufanele ligcinwe phakathi kuka-400-540 ° C, okungcono kakhulu ku-470-500 ° C.
Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, lizobangela ukuklebhula, uma liphansi kakhulu, isivinini sokukhipha sizoncishiswa, futhi ukungqubuzana okuningi okukhiqizwe yi-extrusion kuzoguqulwa kube ukushisa, kubangele izinga lokushisa likhuphuke. Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kuhambisana nesivinini sokukhipha kanye nokucindezela kwe-extrusion.
Ukushisa kwe-outlet kufanele kugcinwe phakathi kuka-550-575 ° C, okungenani ngaphezu kuka-500-530 ° C, ngaphandle kwalokho i-magnesium ku-aluminium alloy ayikwazi ukuncibilika futhi ithinte izakhiwo zensimbi. Kodwa akumele kube ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa le-solidus, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu le-outlet lizobangela ukudabuka futhi lithinte izinga eliphezulu lephrofayili.
Izinga lokushisa elilungile le-extrusion lenduku ye-aluminium kufanele lilungiswe lihlanganiswe nesivinini sokukhipha ukuze umehluko wezinga lokushisa le-extrusion ungabi ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa le-solvus futhi ungabi ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa le-solidus. Ama-alloys ahlukene anamazinga okushisa e-solvus ahlukene. Isibonelo, izinga lokushisa le-solvus lika-6063 alloy lingu-498°C, kanti lelo lika-6005 ingxubevange lingu-510°C.
Isivinini sikagandaganda
Ijubane likagandaganda liyinkomba ebalulekile yokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, amaphrofayili ahlukene, izimo, ama-alloys, osayizi, njll. kungase kuthinte isivinini sikagandaganda, esingakwazi ukwenziwa jikelele. Izimboni zesimanje zephrofayili ye-western extrusion zingafinyelela isivinini sikagandaganda esingamamitha angama-80 ngomzuzu.
Izinga le-Extrusion rod lingenye inkomba ebalulekile yokukhiqiza. Ikalwa ngamamilimitha ngomzuzu futhi isivinini senduku ye-extrusion ngokuvamile sithembeka kakhulu kunesivinini sikagandaganda lapho ufunda ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
Izinga lokushisa lesikhunta libaluleke kakhulu kwikhwalithi yamaphrofayili akhishiwe. Izinga lokushisa lesikhunta kufanele ligcinwe cishe ku-426 ° C ngaphambi kokukhipha, ngaphandle kwalokho lizovala kalula noma lilimaze isikhunta. Inhloso yokucisha iwukuba "iqhwa" i-alloying element ye-magnesium, ukuzinzisa ama-athomu e-magnesium angazinzile futhi uwavimbele ukuthi angahlali, ukuze kugcinwe amandla ephrofayili.
Izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokucisha zihlanganisa: ukupholisa umoya, ukupholisa inkungu yamanzi, ukupholisa ithange lamanzi. Uhlobo lokucisha olusetshenziswayo luncike kwijubane le-extrusion, ukushuba kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo ezidingekayo zephrofayili, ikakhulukazi izidingo zamandla. Uhlobo lwe-alloy luyinkomba ephelele yokuqina kanye nezakhiwo ezinwebekayo ze-alloy. Izinhlobo ze-aluminium alloy zicaciswe ngokuningiliziwe yi-American Aluminium Association, futhi kunezifunda ezinhlanu eziyisisekelo:
U-F usho ukuthi “njengokuklanyiwe”.
U-O usho "imikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisiwe".
I-T isho ukuthi "yelashwe ngokushisa".
U-W usho ukuthi okokusebenza kuphathwe ngesixazululo ukushisa.
U-H ubhekisela kuma-alloys angalapheki “abanda” noma “aqinile”.
Izinga lokushisa nesikhathi yizinkomba ezimbili ezidinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kokuguga kokwenziwa. Esithandweni somlilo sokuguga sokwenziwa, yonke ingxenye yezinga lokushisa kufanele ifane. Nakuba izinga lokushisa eliphansi ukuguga kungathuthukisa amandla amaphrofayili, isikhathi esidingekayo kuzodingeka sikhuphuke ngokufanele. Ukuze kuzuzwe best metal izakhiwo ngokomzimba, kuyadingeka ukuba ukhethe ezifanele aluminium ingxubevange kanye nefomu layo elilungile, sebenzisa imodi quenching efanele, ukulawula izinga lokushisa elifanele ukuguga kanye nesikhathi ukuguga ukuze uthuthukise isivuno, isivuno kungenye inkomba ebalulekile yokukhiqiza. ukusebenza kahle. Ngokweqile akunakwenzeka ukuthola isivuno esingu-100%, ngoba izinqe zizonqamula i-material ngenxa yokuncanyana kwamamaki ogandaganda nezihlakala.
Ihlelwe nguMay Jiang evela kwaMAT Aluminium
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-05-2023
