I-Aluminium iyingxenye yensimbi eningi kakhulu oqweqweni lomhlaba. Yinsimbi engenansimbi ephuma isibili ngobukhulu futhi isetshenziswa emhlabeni ngemva kwensimbi. Inobukhulu obuphansi, cishe u-1/3 wensimbi. Njengoba i-aluminium ehlanzekile ithambile futhi inamandla aphansi, ngakho-ke, ngokungeza inani elincane lezinto ezifana ne-magnesium, ithusi, i-zinc, i-silicon, ne-lithium ku-aluminium, ukusebenza kwe-aluminium alloy kungcono. Ama-alloys e-aluminium asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Ziye zasetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni, i-aerospace, imoto, ukukhiqiza imishini, ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi kanye nezimboni zamakhemikhali.
Ama-alloys e-aluminium anezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu kumakhenika namakhemikhali:
① Izici zemishini, ziboniswa kakhulu ngokuminyana okuphansi, amandla aphezulu, i-modulus ephezulu, njll. I-Aluminium inokuminyana okuphansi futhi ilula kunezinye izinsimbi, i-1/4 kuphela yensimbi, ngakho ifanele ukusetshenziswa ezinkundleni ezinezidingo eziphezulu ze-lightweight;
② Mayelana nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali, njengoba i-aluminium alloy ingakha ifilimu ye-oxide eminyene ebusweni bayo emoyeni, ingazivikela ekufakweni kwe-oxidation ejulile. Ngakho-ke, inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuzinzile kakhulu.
③Ingxubevange ye-Aluminium inepulasitiki enhle futhi ingacutshungulwa ibe amaphrofayili ahlukahlukene. Ine-conductivity enhle kakhulu kagesi kanye ne-thermal. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungokwesibili kuphela kwensimbi.
Njengamanje, kunezinhlayiya ze-aluminium ezingaphezu kuka-250 ezinezingoma ezahlukene embonini. Ukuze kube lula ukuhlukanisa, ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo zengxubevange eyakhiwe, iShayina isebenzisa indlela yokuhlukaniswa ngamadijithi amane eyamukelwa emhlabeni wonke ukuze kube lula ukumaka indawo yokukhiqiza, inkumbulo kanye nokuphathwa kwezibalo. Ama-alloys e-aluminium asetshenziswa embonini yezempi ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa i-aluminium-lithium alloys, 2XXX (A1-Cu-Mg) uchungechunge kanye ne-7XXX series alloys aluminium.
Isidingo semakethe kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhuba wezinto ezihlukahlukene ze-aluminium alloy
2XXX uchungechunge lwe-aluminium alloy
I-2XXX (A1-Cu-Mg) yochungechunge lwe-aluminium alloys inamandla aphezulu aqinile, ukuqina namandla okukhathala, ukumelana nokushisa okuhle, ukucubungula kanye nezakhiwo zokushisela, futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ku-aerospace, izimboni zezimoto nezikhali. Amabanga ayinhloko angu-2A01, 2A02, 2A06, 2A11, 2A12, njll. Uchungechunge lwama-alloys lwenziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla, ukufanisa ukuqina, nokubekezelela umonakalo, njengo-2024, 2124, 2524, 2324 ama-alloys, njll.
Amamodeli wemishini yaseChina athuthuka abheke kokulula, impilo ende, ukwethembeka okuphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi, futhi anezidingo eziphakeme zokuqina kokuqhekeka, ukumelana nokusabalalisa ukuqhekeka kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwempahla yesikhumba ye-fuselage. Ngokusekelwe ku-2024-T351 aluminium alloy thick plate, amazwe angaphandle athuthukise i-2324, i-2624 nezinye izingxube ze-aluminium zokubekezelela umonakalo omkhulu endaweni ephansi yephiko elinamandla ahlukene, ukuqina, ukukhathala nokubola, futhi azuze ukufakwa nokusetshenziswa. I-China ithuthukisa ukubekezelela ukulimala okuphezulu kwe-2XXX uchungechunge lwe-aluminium alloys. Ngokuzayo, i-microalloying eyinhlanganisela izoba isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa esibalulekile se-Al-Cu-Mg yochungechunge lwama-alloys e-aluminium yamandla aphezulu.
4XXX uchungechunge lwe-aluminium alloy
Njengamanje, ama-alloys e-eutectic kanye ne-hypoeutectic Al-Si asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ama-piston ezimoto e-China. Nokho, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezidingo zokusebenza kwenjini, kunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza. Ingxubevange ye-Hypereutectic Al-Si inokuminyana okuphansi, i-coefficient encane yokunwetshwa komugqa, ukumelana nokugqokwa okuphezulu kanye nokuzinza kwevolumu, futhi iyinto ekahle yepiston uma iqhathaniswa nama-alloys e-eutectic Al-Si. I-Hypereutectic Al-Si alloy pistons akhiqizwa ngobuningi phesheya futhi asetshenziswa emalolini nasezimotweni, njenge-A390 alloy e-United States, i-AC9A ne-AC8A (ZL109) alloys e-Japan, kanye ne-A390 alloy e-Australia. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje kukhona abakhiqizi abambalwa e-China abakhiqiza i-hypereutectic Al-Si alloy pistons, futhi iningi labo lithembele ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunegebe elikhulu phakathi kwe-automotive turbocharger aluminium alloy materials kanye namazwe angaphandle. Izinto zokwakha ze-aluminium alloy esebenza kahle kakhulu ye-automotive turbocharger zithembele kakhulu e-Japan nakwamanye amazwe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa izinto ezibalulekile ze-aluminium alloy yezimoto zamaphistoni asebenza kahle kakhulu nama-impeller e-turbocharger.
5XXX Uchungechunge lwe-Aluminium Alloys
Ama-alloys e-Al-Mg, ikakhulukazi ama-alloys e-Al-Mg anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-Mg, anamandla athile aphezulu, ukushisela okuhle nokungagqwali, futhi azoba izinto ezincintisana kakhulu esikhathini esizayo se-aerospace, izitimela ezinesivinini esikhulu, izilwandle kanye neminye imikhakha. Njengamanje, amapuleti e-Al-Mg alloy, amaphrofayili nezintambo zokushisela ze-aerospace, izitimela, izilwandle nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zithembele kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe. Imakethe yezintambo zokushisela ezisezingeni eliphezulu ilawulwa yi-ALCOA e-United States. Ama-alloys e-ER5183 kanye ne-ER5356 ancike kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe, kanti umthamo wokungenisa uthatha cishe u-70% wokuthengiswa kwawo. Ama-al-Mg alloys emikhumbi ancike kakhulu eRussia. Ama-ingo ajwayelekile ama-alloys anokuqukethwe kwe-Mg ephezulu anama-dendrites athuthuke kahle, ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba se-eutectic okunzima, kanye nokusebenza kabi kokwakheka. Izindlela zamanje zokucubungula zisenezinkinga eziningi, ezifana nokusebenza okuphansi, ikhwalithi ebonakala engeyinhle, inqubo ende, ikhwalithi engazinzile, nesivuno esiphansi. Ukuqiniswa okushesha kancane kanye nokwakheka kungavimbela ukuna kwe-Mg, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kungalawulwa ukuze kutholwe amakristalu amahle alinganayo nezigaba ze-nano-precipitated, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza nokufana kwento. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kokuqiniswa okusheshayo okuqhubekayo kwe-rheological extrusion kanye nobuchwepheshe obugoqayo bokusebenza okuphezulu kwama-alloys e-Al-Mg kulindeleke ukuthi kuhlangabezane nesidingo sama-alloys ekhwalithi ephezulu e-Al-Mg.
6XXX Uchungechunge lwe-Aluminium Alloys
6XXX uchungechunge lwe-aluminium alloy materials yizinto ezibalulekile emkhakheni wezokuthutha ngojantshi, izimoto, izinto zikagesi, njll. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980, amazwe athuthukile nezifunda ezifana ne-Europe, United States, kanye ne-Japan athuthukise ama-alloys e-aluminium ezimotweni, amabanga abhalisiwe afana no-6009, 6016, 6010, 2, 6012, 6012, 601, 601, 601, 602, 6012, 60 ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kanye nohlelo lokufaka isicelo lwamaphaneli omzimba wezimoto, ama-extrusions, ama-forging, njll. Ucwaningo lwezezimboni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamaphaneli omzimba we-aluminium alloy angu-6XXX nokwakhiwa e-China kusanda kuqala, futhi kunegebe elicacile. UMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi waseShayina wenze isiphakamiso sokuthi amashidi e-aluminium alloy ezimoto azothuthukiswa yilawa: 6016-S, 6016-IH, 6016-IBR, 6A16-S, 6A16-IBR, 6022, njll. Uchungechunge olujwayelekile lwe-6XXX uchungechunge lwe-aluminium ishidi elingekho ngaphansi kwe-520 ye-e 520 ye-e. ngaphansi kuka-0.60, isivuno samandla sokupaka esingu-60 d Rp0.2 esingekho ngaphansi kuka-140 N/mm2 kanye nokukhuphuka kwamandla okukhiqiza okuqinisa upende okungengaphansi kuka-80 N/mm2. Ukusabela ezidingweni ezihlukene, ukuthuthukiswa kokuklama, ukulungisa kanye nokucubungula ubuchwepheshe be-6XXX uchungechunge lwe-aluminium alloys sekuyindlela engenakugwemeka yentuthuko.
7XXX Series Aluminium Alloys
Ama-alloys angu-7XXX ochungechunge anokumelana kahle nokugqwala kwengcindezi futhi awuchungechunge oluqine kakhulu phakathi kwama-alloys e-aluminium. Aqashelwa emhlabeni jikelele njengezinto zomgogodla wezindiza. Muva nje, amazwe angaphandle athuthukise i-7055 alloy (Al8Zn-2.05Mg-2.3Cu-0.16Zr), ukucindezeleka kwawo kwesivuno kudlula i-620 MPa ku-T77511 state. Isetshenziswa endizeni ye-Boeing 777 futhi yehlisa isisindo ngo-635 kg. Njengamanje, i-China ayinakho ukuklama kwe-alloy ehlelekile kanye nokulungiselela nokucubungula ubuchwepheshe bochungechunge lwe-7XXX ama-alloys e-aviation, futhi eminye imikhiqizo incike ngokuphelele ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yama-ingots amakhulu we-7XXX yochungechunge lwe-aluminium alloys enezici eziningi ze-alloy, ububanzi bokuqina okubanzi, ukucindezelwa okukhulu kokusakazwa, kanye nokukhishwa kalula kwe-oxidation/ukuhlukaniswa kwezakhi ze-alloy, ikhwalithi ye-metallurgical ye-ingots impofu kanye nokusebenza kokwakhiwa kwezinga lokushisa liphansi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa uchungechunge olusha lwe-aluminium 7XXXys.
Ingxubevange ye-Aluminium-lithium (Al-Li).
I-Aluminium-lithium alloy iyimpahla engasindi ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu ezintweni zezindiza eminyakeni yamuva. Inezici zokuminyana okuphansi, i-modulus ephezulu yokunwebeka, ukuqina okuqondile okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kokukhathala, nokumelana nokugqwala. Ngemva kokufaka ama-alloys avamile e-aluminium, ubukhulu bungancishiswa ngo-10% ~ 20% futhi ukuqina kungakhuphuka ngo-15% ~ 20%. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, inkampani yaseMelika i-ALCOA yethula i- “ALCOA Aviation 20/20 Plan”, ngenhloso yokunciphisa izindleko nesisindo sama-alloys e-aviation aluminium ngama-20% ngalinye phakathi neminyaka engu-20. I-Constellium ithuthukise ama-alloys angu-2050 kanye nama-2198 e-aluminium-lithium (Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Ag) ane-low density, ukuqina okuphezulu kanye nokubekezelela umonakalo omkhulu. Ambalwa kakhulu amamaki e-Al-Li alloy athuthukiswe ngokuzimela e-China, futhi yi-alloy engu-1420 kuphela esetshenzisiwe. Ingxubevange ye-aluminium-lithium esetshenziswa endizeni yabagibeli i-C919 ihlinzekwa yi-Alcoa. Ekhaya, kungakhiqizwa kuphela amamaki e-alloy alinganiselwe afana no-1420, 2195, 2197, kanye no-2A97, futhi ama-ingots angama-ingots ayisicaba ngezansi ((310~400)×1280×4000) mm neziyingo eziyindilinga ezingaphansi kuka-φ650 mm. Ama-ingots ayisicaba (2B16) anogqinsi olungaphezu kuka-60 mm nobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-1500 mm, nama-ingots (2B16) anobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-1500 mm emkhakheni wezicelo zezindiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu azikakakhiqizwa ezimbonini. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa umklamo omusha we-aluminium-lithium alloy, ukulungiswa kwe-ingot enkulu kakhulu kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula obujulile.
Ingxubevange ye-aluminium engashisi
Ama-alloys e-aluminium ukumelana nokushisa ayizinto ezibalulekile eziyisisekelo emkhakheni we-aerospace, izimoto, ezokuthutha ngojantshi, njll. ngokulawula izinto ezifana no-Si, Fe, Ni, Ag, nomhlaba ongavamile ukwenza ama-alloys e-aluminium amelane ne-oxidation futhi inyakaze emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ama-alloys endabuko e-aluminium ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa ahlanganisa: 2519, 2618, 2219, 2D70, njll. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimboni ze-aerospace nezimoto, izidingo eziphakeme zibekwe kuma-alloys e-aluminium angashisi. Isizukulwane esisha sezindiza zokulwa sinesivinini esikhulu sokuhamba, futhi izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwesikhumba se-fuselage lingaphezu kuka-150 ° C. Njengamanje, izinga lokushisa lokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside lama-alloys e-aluminium evikela ukushisa njenge-2618 kanye ne-2D70 lingaphansi kuka-150°C. Kubalulekile ukwakha ama-alloys amasha e-aluminium angashisi.
Ingxubevange ye-Al-Sc enokuqukethwe kwe-ultra-low scandium (Sc).
Ingxubevange ye-Al-Sc inezinto ezinhle kakhulu ezifana namandla aphezulu, ipulasitiki enhle nokumelana nokugqwala, futhi isiphenduke isizukulwane esisha sezinto ezingasindi ze-aerospace, imikhumbi, njll. ngemuva kwe-Al-Li alloy. Amandla aqinile engxubevange ye-Al-Mg equkethe amanani omkhondo we-scandium aphakeme ngo-30% kunalawo engxubevange engu-5083, futhi amandla okukhiqiza aphindwe kabili. Ukushisela kwayo kuqhathaniswa nokwejwayelekile kwama-alloys ochungechunge lwe-5XXX, izakhiwo zemishini yendawo ethinteke ukushisa kanye ne-weld cishe zilingana nalezo ze-matrix, futhi ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kuqhathaniswa nalokho kwe-5083 alloy. Ukushintsha ama-alloys ochungechunge angu-5XXX noma angu-6XXX ekwenzeni izingxenye ze-aerospace kungazuza imiphumela ebalulekile yokunciphisa isisindo, futhi kuyisisetshenziswa esingcono kakhulu sezimoto nezimoto zikaloliwe. I-Russia ihamba phambili emhlabeni ekuthuthukisweni kwengxube ye-aluminium equkethe i-scandium, futhi yakhe i-Al-Mg-Sc, Al-Mg-Li-Sc, Al-Zn- MgSc , Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc, kanye ne-Al-Cu-Mg-Sc alloys enokuqukethwe kwe-scandium ka-0.18% ~0.5%. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium-scandium alloys emkhathini nasezimotweni, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi waseChina ubeke ama-alloys aqukethe i-scandium njengenye yezinto ezintsha zokuthuthukiswa okubalulekile. I-China icebile ngezinsiza ze-scandium futhi yakhe umugqa wokukhiqiza we-scandium oxide ohlanzekile kakhulu, obeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwe-aluminium-scandium alloys.
500 MPa grade hot stamping aluminium ingxubevange yezimoto
Kusenokungenalutho ekugxivizeni okushisayo kwe-aluminium alloy materials e-China. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezintsha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo entsha yokwakheka kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuxazulula inkinga yokwakhiwa kwezingxenye zezimoto ze-aluminium alloy alloy ephezulu. Ukugxila kuma-alloys ochungechunge angu-7XXX, ukuhlola ngenkuthalo ama-alloys angu-2XXX, kanye nokwakha izinto ze-aluminium ezixutshwe ne-500 MPa zokugxiviza okushisayo kunamathemba abalulekile okukhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto ezimise okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezisekelwe ku-aluminium
Ipuleti eliyinhlanganisela ye-Aluminium-steel multilayer: Uxhumo olusebenzayo phakathi kwe-aluminium namadekhi ensimbi selube esinye sezithiyo zokunciphisa izakhiwo ezinkulu zemikhumbi emikhulu. Ijoyinti yenguquko eyinhlanganisela ye-aluminium nensimbi esetshenziselwa ukushisela phakathi kwe-aluminium namagobolondo ensimbi inikeza isisombululo sokuthatha indawo yenqubo ye-riveting evamile. KwaHonda bathuthukise ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa insimbi ne-aluminium obuzosetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke kumafreyimu ezimoto akhiqizwa ngobuningi. Njengamanje, amajoyinti ayinhlanganisela ye-aluminium-steel asetshenziswa e-China athengwa kakhulu evela phesheya, ngentengo efika ku-4×10 5 CNY/t. Ngemikhumbi emikhulu yesikhathi esizayo, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokushisela, ingcindezi enkulu, kanye nokuxhumana okuqinile okubophayo kuyadingeka ukuze amalunga oguquko, futhi amajoyinti ensimbi ye-aluminium asebenza kahle adingeka ngokushesha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-08-2025
