I-OcudURON
Izithuthi ezilula zokukhanya eziphuma emazweni athuthukile futhi ekuqaleni zaholwa yimidondoshiya yendabuko yezimoto. Ngentuthuko eqhubekayo, ithole umfutho obalulekile. Kusukela ngesikhathi amaNdiya asebenzisa i-aluminium asebenzisa i-alloy esebenzisa i-autotive crankShaft ekwakhiweni kokuqala kwesisindo se-aluminium ngo-1999, i-aluminium alloy ibone ukukhula okuqinile kwezicelo zezimoto ngenxa yobudala bayo, amandla athile athile nokuqina, Ukuqina okuhle kanye nokumelana nomthelela, ukufundwa okuphezulu, kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuvuselelwa kabusha. Ngo-2015, isilinganiso sohlelo lokusebenza lwe-aluminium alloy ezimotweni bebedlula ama-35%.
I-China's Lightweighting ekhanyayo yaqala ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10 eyedlule, futhi zombili ubuchwepheshe kanye nezinga lesicelo seLag ngemuva kwamazwe athuthukile afana neJalimane, i-United States, neJapan. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezintsha ze-ENED ENEDEA, ezilula ezibonakalayo zithuthuka ngokushesha. Ukuvuselelwa kwezimoto ezintsha ze-ENED ENEDEACH, ubuchwepheshe bezimoto ezikhanyayo ze-China bukhombisa ukuthambekela kokuthola amazwe athuthukile.
Imakethe yezinto ezisetshenziswayo engasindi yeChina iphakathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe athuthukile phesheya, ubuchwepheshe obulula bokukhanya obukhanyayo buqale sekwephuzile, futhi isisindo semoto ephakeme sikhulu. Uma ucabanga ngesilinganiso sengxenye engasindi engasindi emazweni aphesheya, kusekhona indawo eyanele yokuthuthuka eChina. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqhutshwa izinqubomgomo, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemboni entsha ye-Energy Energy Yezamazwe kuzothuthukisa isidingo sezinto ezingasindi futhi kugqugquzele izinkampani zezimoto ukuthi ziqhubekele ekushiseni okulula.
Ukuthuthuka kokuphuma kanye namazinga wokusebenzisa uphethiloli kuphoqelela ukusheshiswa kwe-Automotive Lightweighting. I-China isebenzise ngokuphelele amazinga we-China VI Emission ngo-2020. Ngokusho kwe- "Hlolausausandlela kanye nezinkomba zokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wezimoto zabagibeli" kanye "ne-5.0 l / km esebenzisa ukusetshenziswa komgwaqo. Ukunaka isikhala esilinganiselwe sokuphumelela okukhulu kubuchwepheshe bezinjini kanye nokuncishiswa kokuphuma, ukwamukela izindlela ezingaphansi kwezinto ezenzakalelayo zezimoto kunganciphisa ngokuphumelelayo ukuphuma kwezimoto kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha. Ukukhanya okulula kwezimoto ezintsha ze-Energy sekuyindlela ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa komkhakha.
Ngo-2016, iChina China Temotive Engineering Society ikhiphe i- "Energy Gcina Technology Technology Technology RoadMap," okuyizinto ezihlelekile ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nezinto zokwakha zezimoto ezintsha ezivela ku-2020 kuya ku-2030. Ukukhanya okulula kuzoba yindlela yokhiye ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi esizayo kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla. Ukungasindi kungakhulisa ibanga lokuqhafaza kanye nekheli "ukukhathazeka ngobubanzi" ezimotweni ezintsha zamandla. Ngesidingo esandayo sokwanda okunwetshiwe ibanga, ukulimala okulula kwezimoto kuba ngphuthumayo, futhi ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha ezikhulile zikhule kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Ngokwezidingo zohlelo lwamaphuzu kanye "noHlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwesikhathi Eside lwemboni yezimoto," kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2025, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha ze-Energy izimoto kuzodlula amayunithi ayisigidi ayisigidi, ngokukhula konyaka okungu-6 isilinganiso esidlula ama-38%.
I-2.Aluminum alloy izici nezinhlelo zokusebenza
2.1 Izici ze-aluminium alloy
Ubukhulu be-aluminium yingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu leyo ngensimbi, okwenza kube lula. Inamandla aphezulu aphezulu, amandla okukhishwa alungile, ukumelana okuqinile kokugqwala, nokubuyiselwa okuphezulu. Ama-alloys we-aluminium abonakala ngokuyinhloko ekwakhiwa nge-magnesium, ekhombisa ukumelana nokushisa okuhle, izindawo ezinhle zokushisa, amandla okukhathala, ukungakwazi ukuqiniswa ukwelashwa kokushisa, kanye nekhono lokukhulisa amandla ngokusebenza kubanda. Uchungechunge lwe-6 lubonakaliswa ngokuyinhloko eyakhiwa nge-Magnesium ne-Silicon, nge-MG2SI njengesigaba esiphezulu esiqinisa. Ama-alloys asetshenziswa kakhulu kulesi sigaba angama-6063, 6061, no-6005a. I-Aluminium Plate iyi-AL-MG Series Alloy Aluminium Plate, nge-magnesium njengento enkulu yokufaka. Kuyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu i-anti-bust aluminium alloy. Le alloy inamandla aphezulu, amandla okukhathala aphezulu, amandla amakhulu eplastiki nokuphikiswa kokugqwala, angeke aqiniswe ngomuthi wokushisa, ukuqina okubandayo ngokuqina okubandayo, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle ze-welding. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izakhi ezinjengamaphaneli aseceleni, isembozo sophahla, namaphaneli eminyango. I-Aluminium Alloy iyi-alloy eqinisa ukushisa ethe xaxa ochungechungeni lwe-al-Mg-si, nge-magnesium kanye ne-silicon njengezinto eziphambili zokuhlanganisa. Kuyinto esetshenziswayo ye-aluminium alloy ye-alumining alloy enamandla aphakathi, ikakhulukazi asetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezakhayo ezinjengamakholomu namaphaneli aseceleni ukuthwala amandla. Isingeniso kuma-Aluminium Alloy amabanga akhonjiswa etafuleni 1.
2.2 Ukukhishwa kuyindlela ebalulekile eyenziwe ye-aluminium alloy
Ukukhishwa kwe-Aluminium Alloy kuyindlela yokushisa eshisayo, futhi yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ifaka ukwakha i-aluminium alloy ngaphansi kwengcindezi enokucindezela kathathu. Yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ingachazwa kanjena: a. I-Aluminium namanye ama-alloys ancibilika futhi aphonswe kwi-aluminium alloy edingekayo; b. Amabhilithi athuliwe afakwa kwimishini yokukhishwa kokukhishwa. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sesilinda esiyinhloko, kwakhiwa i-Aluminium Alloy Billet kumaphrofayili adingekayo ngokusebenzisa umgodi wokubumba; c. Ukuze uthuthukise izakhiwo zemishini zamaphrofayili we-aluminium, ukwelashwa kwesixazululo kwenziwa ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kokukhishwa, kulandelwe ukwelashwa kokuguga. Izakhiwo zemishini ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuguga ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezinto ezahlukahlukene kanye nemibuso yokuguga. Isimo sokwelashwa kokushisa kwamaphrofayili weloli webhokisi-uthayipha kuThebula 2.
Imikhiqizo ye-Aluminium Alloy ekhishwe yizinzuzo eziningana ngaphezu kwezinye izindlela zokwakha:
a. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa, i-metal esetshenzisiwe ithola ukucindezelwa okune-compressive enamandla ngokwengeziwe futhi okufana nokwenziwa ngakunye emkhiqizweni wokudangala kunokugingqa nokwakha, ngakho-ke kungadlala ngokugcwele iplastiki yensimbi esetshenzisiwe. Ingasetshenziswa ukucubungula izinsimbi ezinzima ze-to-deform ezingakwazi ukucutshungulwa ngokugoqa noma ukucekela phansi futhi kungasetshenziswa ukwenza izakhi ezahlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi noma eziqinile zesigaba.
b. Ngoba i-geometry yamaphrofayili we-aluminium ingahlukahluka, izingxenye zazo zinokuqina okuphezulu, ezingathuthukisa ubulukhuni bomzimba wemoto, zinciphise izici zayo ze-NVH, futhi zithuthukise izici ezinamandla okulawula imoto.
c. Imikhiqizo enokusebenza kahle kokukhishwa, ngemuva kokuqeda nokuguga, banamandla amakhulu amade (R, chaz) kunemikhiqizo ecubungulwa ezinye izindlela.
d. Ingaphezulu lemikhiqizo ngemuva kokukhishwa kunemibala emihle nokumelana okuhle kokugqwala, ukuqeda isidingo sokunye ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kokugqwala.
e. Ukucutshungulwa kwe-ExtRonsion kunokuguquguquka okukhulu, izindleko eziphansi nezindleko zokubumba, kanye nezindleko zokushintsha okuphansi.
f. Ngenxa yokulawulwa kwephrofayli ye-aluminium profile-izigaba, izinga lokuhlanganiswa kwezakhi lingandiswa, inani lezakhi lingancishiswa, futhi imiklamo ehlukene yesiphambano ingafinyelela ukuma kwe-welding okunembile.
Ukuqhathanisa kokusebenza phakathi kwamaphrofayili e-aluminium akhishwe amaloli ebhokisi lebhokisi kanye namaloli e-carbon abonisiwe kuThebula 3.
Ukuqondiswa okulandelayo kwentuthuko yamaphrofayili we-aluminium alloy amaloli webhokisi-yohlobo: Ukuthuthukisa amandla wephrofayili nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-Extresion. Ukuqondiswa kocwaningo kwezinto ezintsha zamaphrofayili we-aluminium alloy amaloli we-box-hlobo amaloli aboniswa kuMfanekiso 1.
I-3.Aluminum alloy ibhokisi leloli yamaloli, ukuhlaziywa kwamandla, nokuqinisekiswa
3.1 I-Aluminium Alloy Box Iloli Iloli
Isiqukathi seloli sebhokisi ikakhulukazi siqukethe umhlangano wephaneli wangaphambili, umhlangano wephaneli oseceleni kwesokunxele nokwesokunxele, umhlangano wephaneli oseceleni, umhlangano ophahleni, onogada be-U ohlangothini, ama-back. ixhunywe ku-chassis esezingeni lesibili. Umzimba webhokisi uwele imishayo, izinsika, imishayo emide, namaphaneli eminyango kwenziwa nge-aluminium alloy ekhishwe amaphrofayili, ngenkathi phansi kanye namaphaneli we-aluminium afulethi angama-5052. Isakhiwo seloli le-aluminium alloy ibhokisi liboniswa kuMfanekiso 2.
Kusetshenziswa inqubo yokukhishwa okushisayo kwe-Aluminium Alloy ye-Aluminium engu-6 kungakha izigaba eziyinkimbinkimbi eziyize, idizayini yamaphrofayili e-aluminium ngezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi zokugcina zingagcina izinto zokwakha kanye nokuqina, futhi zihlangabezane nezidingo zokuxhumeka komkhiqizo phakathi izakhi ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo esikhulu se-Beam Design kanye nezikhathi zezigaba ze-Inertia I futhi zimelana nezikhathi eziboniswe kuMfanekiso 3.
Ukuqhathanisa idatha esemqoka kuThebula 4 kukhombisa ukuthi izikhathi zesigaba se-inertia futhi zimelana nezikhathi zephrofayili ye-aluminium eklanyelwe kungcono kunedatha ehambisanayo yephrofayili ye-beam eyenziwe ngensimbi. Idatha eqinile yokuqina icishe ifane naleyo yephrofayili ehambisanayo ye-Iron Beam, futhi zonke zihlangabezana nezidingo zodonga.
3.2 Ukubalwa okukhulu kokucindezela
Ukuthatha ingxenye ebalulekile yokuthwala umthwalo, i-crossbeam, njengento, ukucindezelwa okukhulu kubalwa. Umthwalo olinganiselwe ngu-1.5 t, futhi i-crossbeam yenziwe ngephrofayili ye-Aluminium ye-6063-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6-T6
Ukuthatha ugongolo lwe-span lwe-344mm, umthwalo ocindezelayo ku-beam ubalwa njenge-f = 3757 n ngokususelwa ku-4.5T, okuphindwe kathathu umthwalo ojwayelekile we-tuli. q = f / l
lapho i-Q ukucindezelwa kwangaphakathi kogongolo ngaphansi komthwalo, N / MM; F Ngabe umthwalo uthwelwe ugongolo, kubaliwe ngokususelwa ku-3 times umthwalo ojwayelekile we-static, okungu-4.5 t; L ubude be-beam, mm.
Ngakho-ke, ukucindezelwa kwangaphakathi Q ngu:
Ifomula yokubala ukucindezela imi ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Umzuzu omkhulu ngu:
Ukuthatha inani eliphelele lesikhathi, m = 274283 N · mm, ukucindezelwa okukhulu Σ = m / (1.05 × 18.78 MPA, kanye nenani elikhulu le-Σ 215 MPA, elihlangabezana nezidingo.
3.3 Izici zokuxhumeka kwezinto ezahlukahlukene
I-Aluminium Alloy inezindawo ezimbi ze-welding, futhi amandla ayo we-welding point angu-60% kuphela wamandla ezibonakalayo. Ngenxa yesembozo sengqimba ye-al2o3 ku-aluminium alloy ebusweni, indawo yokuncibilika ye-al2o3 iphakeme, ngenkathi iphuzu lokuncibilika le-aluminium liphansi. Lapho i-aluminium alloy ifakwa, i-al2o3 ebusweni kufanele iphulwe ngokushesha ukwenza i-welding. Ngasikhathi sinye, okusele kwe-Al2o3 kuzohlala kusisombululo se-aluminium alloy, okuthinta isakhiwo se-aluminium alloy futhi kunciphisa amandla we-aluminium alloy welding point. Ngakho-ke, lapho uklama isitsha se-aluminium yonke, lezi zici zibhekwa ngokuphelele. I-Welding yindlela yokuma esemqoka, kanye nezinto eziphambili zokuthwala umthwalo zixhumeke ngama-bolts. Ukuxhumeka okufana ne-Riveting ne-DEVEtail HAMET kuboniswa kwizibalo 5 no-6.
Ukwakheka okuyinhloko komzimba we-Aluminium Box akwakheka ukwakheka okunemishayo evundlile, izinsika eziqonde mpo, imishayo emibi, nemishayo eseceleni ehlangana nayo. Kunamaphoyinti amane okuxhuma phakathi kogongolo oluvundlile kanye nensika ebheke mpo. Amaphoyinti okuxhuma afakwe ama-gaskets ahlangene ne-mesh ngonqenqema oluhlotshisiwe logongolo oluvundlile, ukuvikela ngempumelelo ukuslayida. Amaphoyinti ama-ayisishiyagalombili ekhompyutha axhumeke kakhulu okufakiwe okufakwayo kwensimbi, elungiselelwe ngama-bolts kanye nama-rivets ezizikhipheyo, futhi aqiniswe ngamapuleti angunxantathu angunxantathu angunxantathu afakwe ngaphakathi ebhokisini ukuze aqinise izikhala zegumbi ngaphakathi. Ukubukeka kwangaphandle kwebhokisi akunakho izindawo zokuxhuma noma ezivezwe ukuxhumeka, ukuqinisekisa ukubukeka kwebhokisi lonke.
3.4 se Synchronous Engineering Technology
Ubuchwepheshe bokuvumelanisa be-SE Synchronous busetshenziselwa ukuxazulula izinkathazo ezibangelwa ukuphambuka okukhulu okuqongelelekile kwezinto ezihambelana nezakhi zomzimba webhokisi nobunzima ekutholeni izimbangela ze-SAGS kanye ne-Flatness ukwehluleka. Ngokuhlaziywa kwe-CAE (bheka umfanekiso 7-8), ukuhlaziya ukuqhathanisa kwenziwa ngemizimba yebhokisi eyenziwe ngensimbi ukubheka amandla jikelele nokuqina komzimba webhokisi, thola amaphuzu abuthakathaka, futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokwandisa kahle futhi uthuthukise uhlelo lokuklama ngempumelelo .
Umphumela we-4.Ighlighyiight we-aluminium alloy ibhokisi lebhokisi
Ngokungeziwe emzimbeni webhokisi, ama-aluminium alloys angasetshenziswa ukufaka esikhundleni sensimbi ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zeziqukathi zeloli-zohlobo lwebhokisi, ezinjengezimbumbulu, amathathi eminyango, imiphetho yeminyango, ukufeza imiphetho ye-apron. ka-30% kuya ku-40% egumbini lezimpahla. Umphumela wokunciphisa isisindo we-4080mm × 2300mm × 2200mm esitsheni sezimpahla ukhonjisiwe kuThebula 6
Ngokufaka esikhundleni sensimbi yendabuko nge-Aluminium Alloys yezinto zezimoto, hhayi nje kuphela imiphumela emihle elula etholakala, kepha futhi ingasiza ekusindisweni kophethiloli, ukuncishiswa kwezimoto okuthuthukile. Njengamanje, kunemibono ehlukahlukene egameni le-Lightweighting Lightweighting to Fuel Savings. Imiphumela yocwaningo ye-International Aluminium Institute ikhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 9. Njalo ukuncishiswa kwe-10% kwesisindo semoto kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ngo-6% kuya ku-8%. Kususelwa kwizibalo zasekhaya, kunciphisa isisindo semoto ngayinye yabagibeli nge-100 kg kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ngo-0.4 l / 100 km. Umnikelo wokukhanya okulula okongeni uphethiloli kususelwa emiphumeleni etholwe ezindleleni ezahlukahlukene zocwaningo, ngakho-ke kunokuhlukahluka okuthile. Kodwa-ke, ukuluma kwezimoto okulula kunomthelela omkhulu ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha.
Ezimotweni zikagesi, umphumela ongalula we-lightweight ukhululwe kakhulu. Njengamanje, ubuningi bamandla obukhulu bamabhethri kagesi kagesi ahluke kakhulu kwezimoto zikaphethiloli zendabuko. Isisindo sohlelo lwamandla (kufaka phakathi ibhethri) yezimoto zikagesi zivame ukubalwa ngama-20% kuye ku-30% wesisindo semoto ephelele. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwephula amabhodlela okusebenza kwamabhethri kuyinselelo yomhlaba wonke. Ngaphambi kokuthi kube nempumelelo enkulu kubuchwepheshe bebhethri okuphezulu, ukukhanya okulula kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuthuthukisa uhla lokukhanya kwezimoto zikagesi. Kuwo wonke ama-100 kg ukuncishiswa kwesisindo, uhla oluhamba phambili lwezimoto zikagesi lungakhushulwa ngo-6% kuya ku-11% (ubudlelwano phakathi kwebanga lokunciphisa isisindo kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-cruising kuboniswa kuMfanekiso 10). Njengamanje, uhla oluphuthumayo lwezimoto ezihlanzekile zikagesi alukwazi ukufeza izidingo zabantu abaningi, kepha ukunciphisa isisindo ngenani elithile kungathuthukisa kakhulu ibanga lokuhamba, ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka ngobubanzi bezinhlangothi kanye nokwenza ngcono ukukhathazeka komsebenzisi.
I-5.Conclusion
Ngaphezu kwesakhiwo se-aluminium se-Aluminium Alloy Box Iloli elethwe kulesi sihloko, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaloli webhokisi, njengamaphaneli we-aluminium honey, amapuleti we-aluminium + izikhumba ze-aluminium, kanye ne-iron-aluminium hybrid cargo iziqukathi . Banezinzuzo zesisindo esikhanyayo, amandla athile athile, kanye nokumelana okuhle kokugqwala, futhi akudingi upende we-electrophoretic wokuvikelwa kokugqwala, ukunciphisa umthelela wezemvelo wopende we-electrophoretic. I-aluminium alloy ibhokisi lamaloli ngokuyisisekelo lixazulula izinkinga zesisindo esithe xaxa, ezingalandeli ngezimemezelo, kanye nezingozi zokulawula zezindawo zendabuko zezinkomba zensimbi.
Ukukhishwa kuyindlela ebalulekile yokucubungula ama-alloys we-aluminium, namaphrofayli we-aluminium anezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, ngakho-ke ukuqina kwengxenye yezakhi kuphakeme kakhulu. Ngenxa yesigaba esisezingeni eliphansi, ama-alloys we-aluminium angafinyelela inhlanganisela yemisebenzi yezakhi eziningi, okwenza kube yinto enhle yokuthola izimoto ezilula. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa okusakazekile kwama-aluminium Alloys kubhekana nezinselelo ezifana namandla okuklama anganele ama-aluminium alloy cartomboments, kwakha izingqinamba ezishisayo, kanye nezentuthuko ephezulu kanye nezindleko eziphakeme nemikhiqizo emisha. Isizathu esiyinhloko namanje ukuthi i-Aluminium Alloy ibiza ngaphezu kwensimbi ngaphambi kokuvuselelwa kwemvelo ye-aluminium alloys.
Ekuphetheni, ubukhulu besicelo se-Aluminium Alloys ezimotweni buzoba abanzi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuzoqhubeka kukhula. Emikhakheni yamanje yokulondolozwa kwamandla, ukuncishiswa kokuphuma, kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhakha omusha wemoto yamandla, ngokuqonda okujulile kwe-Aluminium Alloy Properties kanye nezinkinga ezisebenzayo ze-Aluminium Alloy Izinkinga, izinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-aluminium zizosetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhambeni kwezimoto ezilula.
Kuhlelwe ngoMeyi Jiang kusuka ku-Mat Aluminium
Isikhathi Seposi: Jan-12-2024
