Umkhakha wezimoto waseYurophu udume ngokuthuthukile futhi okusha kakhulu. Ngokukhuthaza izinqubomgomo zokulondolozwa kwamandla nezinqubomgomo zokuncishiswa kwamandla, ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kanye nokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide, okuthuthukisiwe futhi okuklanywe nge-aluminium alloys kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwezimoto. Ngokusho kwezibalo, eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, inani elijwayelekile le-aluminium elisetshenziswa ezimotweni zabagibeli liphindeke kabili, futhi ukuncishiswa kwesisindo kwama-aluminium aboniswa ku-Figure 1 ngezansi. Ngokusekelwe emibonweni ye-Innovative Design, lo mkhuba uzoqhubeka eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.
Enqubweni yokuthuthuka okungasindi, ama-aluminium alloys abhekene nomncintiswano ovuthayo nezinye izinto ezintsha, njengensimbi enamandla anamandla, asakwazi ukugcina amandla aphezulu ngemuva komklamo odongeni olubi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona i-magnesium, titanium, ingilazi noma i-carbon fiber composite izinto, okugcina kwayo sekusetshenziswe kabanzi e-aerospace. Manje umqondo wokuklanywa kwezinto eziningi uhlanganiswe ekwakhiweni kwezimoto, futhi kwenziwa imizamo yokusebenzisa izinto ezifanele ezingxenyeni ezifanele. Inselelo ebaluleke kakhulu inkinga yokuxhumana kanye nokwelashwa komhlaba, kanye nezixazululo ezahlukahlukene ziye zathuthukiswa, njengezixazululo zenjini kanye nezinto zesitimela samandla, ukwakheka kwefreyimu (i-lotus z8, isakhiwo sepuleti (i-honda NSX , Jaguar, Rover), Ukumiswa (i-DC-e Isigaba, iRenault, Peugeot) nezinye izinto ezakhiwe ngezakhiwo. Umdwebo 2 ukhombisa izakhi ze-aluminium ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni.
Isu Lokwakhiwa kweBiW
Umzimba-in-White uyingxenye enzima kunazo zonke yemoto evamile, ebalwa ngo-25% kuya ku-30% wesisindo semoto. Kunemiklamo emibili yokwakha emklamweni womzimba-emhlophe.
1. "Iphrofayli Space Frame design" ngezimoto ezincane neziphakathi: I-Audi A8 yisibonelo esijwayelekile, umzimba okhanyayo unesisindo esingu-277 kg, siqukethe amaphrofayili angama-51 (ama-31 kg), ama-39 kg) kanye ne-170 sheet metal (177 kg). Zijoyinwa yi-riveting, i-mig welding, i-laser welding, enye i-hybrid welding, i-gluing, njll.
2.: Isibonelo, i-jaguar xj (x350), imodeli ye-2002 (njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 4 ngezansi), i-295 kg isisindo "esingu-21 amhlophe lalinamaphrofayli angama-22 kanye nezingxenye zensimbi ezingama-273 (259 kg). Izindlela zokuxhumeka zifaka ukubopha izibopho, ukuvutha, kanye ne-mig welding.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium alloy emzimbeni
1. Ubudala bukhuni Al-Mg-Si Alloy
Ama-alloys we-6000 ochungechunge aqukethe i-magnesium ne-silicon futhi njengamanje asetshenziswa kumashidi omzimba wezimoto njengo-A6016, A6111 ne-A6181A. E-Europe, 1-1.2mm EN-6016 inendlela enhle yokumelana nokuphikiswa kokugqwala futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi.
2. I-AL-MG-MN yezenzile
Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphezulu okuphezulu, ama-al-mg-mg-mg-mng alloys abonisa ukwakheka okuhle namandla aphezulu, futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi kumashidi asongwe ama-autopive kanye nama-tubes ahlanganisiwe. Isicelo ku-chassis noma amasondo sisebenza kakhulu ngokwengeziwe ngoba ukuncishiswa kwesisindo kwezingxenye ezinyakazayo ezingezinhle kuthuthukisa induduzo yokushayela futhi kunciphise amazinga omsindo.
3. Iphrofayili ye-aluminium
EYurophu, kwahlongozwa imiqondo emisha yezimoto ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni kwephrofayili ye-aluminium, isibonelo, amafreyimu we-aluminium alloy nezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukubhaliswa eziyinkimbinkimbi. Okunamandla abo amakhulu emiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo kubenza balungele kangcono ukukhiqizwa kochungechunge olungasebenzi. Ngoba ukujuluka kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokukhishwa, amandla aphakathi 6000 namandla aphezulu aphezulu we-7000 Age Hard. Ukuqunjelwa kanye namandla amakhulu alawulwa ngokuqina kweminyaka yokushisa okulandelayo. Amaphrofayili we-Aluminium Alloy asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kohlaka, imishayo yokuphahlazeka nezinye izinto zokuphahlazeka.
4. I-Aluminium Casting
Izinkomba yizakhi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-aluminium ezimotweni, njengamabhulokhi enjini, amakhanda amasilinda kanye nezinto ezikhethekile ze-chassis. Ngisho nezinjini zedizili, eziye zandisa kakhulu isabelo sazo semakethe eYurophu, ziyaguqukela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-aluminium ngenxa yokuthola izimfuno zokuqina nokuqina. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusakazwa kwe-aluminium nakho kusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kohlaka, izingxenye ze-shaft kanye nezingxenye ezihlelekile, kanye nokuphoqelelwa kwengcindezi ephezulu ye-AlsimGNN Alumininum Alloys ithole amandla aphezulu kanye nekhompiyutha.
I-Aluminium iyona ebonakalayo yokuzikhethela kwezicelo eziningi zezimoto ezinjenge-chassis, umzimba kanye nezinto eziningi ezakhiwe ngesakhiwo ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuphansi, ukwakheka okuhle nokuphikiswa okuhle nokuqina. I-Aluminium esetshenzisiwe ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo somzimba ingafinyelela okungenani ukuncishiswa kwesisindo okungama-30% ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuhlangana kokusebenza. Futhi, ama-aluminium alloys angafakwa ezingxenyeni eziningi zesembozo samanje. Kwezinye izimo ezinezidingo eziphakeme zamandla, ama-alloys angu-7000 asakwazi ukugcina izinzuzo zekhwalithi. Ngakho-ke, ngezicelo zevolumu ephezulu, izixazululo zokunciphisa isisindo ze-Aluminium Alloy ziyindlela yezomnotho kakhulu.
Kuhlelwe ngoMeyi Jiang kusuka ku-Mat Aluminium
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Dec-08-2023
