I-Annealing kanye nokucisha kanye nokuguga yizinhlobo eziyisisekelo zokwelapha ukushisa kwama-alloys e-aluminium. I-Annealing iyindlela yokwelapha ethambile, inhloso yokwenza umfaniswano we-alloy futhi uzinzile ekubunjweni nasekwakhekeni, ukuqeda ukuqina komsebenzi, nokubuyisela ipulasitiki ye-alloy. Ukucima nokuguga kuyindlela yokwelapha eqinisa ukushisa, inhloso yayo ukuthuthukisa amandla e-alloy, futhi isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ama-alloys e-aluminium angaqiniswa ukwelashwa kokushisa.
1 Ukukhipha
Ngokwezidingo ezihlukene zokukhiqiza, ukuhunyushwa kwe-aluminium ingxubevange ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbalwa: ingot homogenization annealing, i-billet annealing, ukuhushula okuphakathi nendawo kanye nokukhishwa komkhiqizo oqediwe.
1.1 I-Ingot homogenization annealing
Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-condensation esheshayo kanye ne-crystallization engalingani, i-ingot kumele ibe nokubunjwa okungalingani kanye nesakhiwo, futhi ibe nokucindezeleka okukhulu kwangaphakathi. Ukuze uguqule lesi simo futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza okushisayo kwe-ingot, i-homogenization annealing ngokuvamile iyadingeka.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusakazeka kwe-athomu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kufanele likhethwe ukuze kufakwe i-homogenization annealing, kodwa akumele lidlule indawo encibilikayo ephansi ye-eutectic ye-alloy. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa le-homogenization annealing lingaphansi ngo-5~40℃ kunephoyinti lokuncibilika, futhi isikhathi sokukhipha isisu ngokuvamile siphakathi kuka-12~24h.
1.2 Ukukhishwa kwe-billet
I-Billet annealing ibhekisela ekubanjeni ngaphambi kokuguquka okubandayo kokuqala ngesikhathi sokucubungula ingcindezi. Inhloso ukwenza i-billet ithole isakhiwo esinokulinganisela futhi ibe nomthamo omkhulu wokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki. Isibonelo, izinga lokushisa lokugcina eligoqekayo le-hot-rolled aluminium alloy slab lingu-280~330℃. Ngemuva kokupholisa ngokushesha endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni, ukuqina komsebenzi akukwazi ukuqedwa ngokuphelele. Ikakhulukazi, ama-alloys e-aluminium aqiniswe ngokushisa, ngemuva kokupholisa ngokushesha, inqubo yokuvuselela kabusha ayikapheli, futhi isisombululo esiqinile se-supersaturated asizange sibole ngokuphelele, futhi ingxenye yomsebenzi wokuqina nomphumela wokucisha isagcinwa. Kunzima ukugoqa okubandayo ngqo ngaphandle kokushunqiswa, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukukhishwa kwe-billet. Kumaalloyi e-aluminium aqiniswe angashiswa, njenge-LF3, izinga lokushisa le-annealing lingu-370~470℃, futhi ukupholisa komoya kwenziwa ngemva kokufudumala okungu-1.5~2.5h. Izinga lokushisa le-billet kanye ne-annealing elisetshenziselwa ukucubungula amashubhu adonswa ngokubanda kufanele libe phezulu ngokufanelekile, futhi izinga lokushisa lomkhawulo elingaphezulu lingakhethwa. Kuma-alloys e-aluminium angaqiniswa ukwelashwa kokushisa, njenge-LY11 ne-LY12, izinga lokushisa le-billet annealing lingu-390~450℃, ligcinwa kuleli zinga lokushisa i-1~3h, bese lipholiswa esithandweni libe ngaphansi kuka-270 ℃ ngenani elingekho ngaphezu kuka-30 ℃/h ophuma emoyeni.
1.3 Ukukhipha okuphakathi
I-Annealing emaphakathi ibhekisela ekuhlanganiseni phakathi kwezinqubo ezibandayo zokuguqulwa, inhloso yakho ukuqeda ukuqina komsebenzi ukuze kube lula ukuguquguquka okubandayo okuqhubekayo. Ngokuvamile, ngemva kokuba impahla isikhishiwe, kuzoba nzima ukuqhubeka nokusebenza okubandayo ngaphandle kokuhushulwa okuphakathi nendawo ngemva kokuguquguquka okubandayo okungama-45–85%.
Inqubo yenqubo yokudonsa okuphakathi nendawo ngokuyisisekelo iyafana naleyo ye-billet annealing. Ngokwezidingo zedigri ye-deformation ebandayo, ukuhunyushwa okuphakathi kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: ukukhishwa okuphelele (ukuguqulwa okuphelele ε≈60 ~ 70%), ukudonsa okulula (ε≤50%) kanye nokudonsa okuncane (ε≈30 ~ 40%). Amasistimu amabili okuqala okukhipha amanzi afana ne-billet annealing, futhi lokhu kwakamuva kushisiswe ku-320~350℃ isikhathi esingu-1.5~2h bese kupholiswa umoya.
1.4. Iqedile ukuhlanganisa umkhiqizo
Ukufakwa kwe-annealing yomkhiqizo oqediwe wukwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina okunikeza impahla ethile izakhiwo zenhlangano nezomshini ngokuya ngezidingo zezimo zobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo.
Ukufakwa kwe-annealing yomkhiqizo oqediwe kungahlukaniswa ngokufakwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ethambile) kanye ne-annealing yokushisa ephansi (ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo eqinile ezifundeni ezahlukene). Ukushisa okuphezulu kwe-annealing kufanele kuqinisekise ukuthi isakhiwo esiphelele se-recrystallization kanye ne-plasticity enhle ingatholakala. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi impahla ithola isakhiwo esihle nokusebenza kahle, isikhathi sokubamba akufanele sibe side kakhulu. Kuma-alloys e-aluminium angaqiniswa ukwelashwa kokushisa, ukuze kuvinjelwe umphumela wokupholisa umoya wokupholisa, izinga lokupholisa kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile.
I-annealing yezinga lokushisa eliphansi ihlanganisa ukuncishiswa kokunciphisa ingcindezi nokuthambisa ingxenye, okusetshenziselwa kakhulu i-aluminium emsulwa kanye nama-alloys e-aluminium aqinisiwe okwelashwa okungashisi. Ukwakhiwa kwesistimu yokushisa ephansi ye-annealing kuwumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ongadingi nje kuphela ukucabangela izinga lokushisa lokuthungatha kanye nesikhathi sokubamba, kodwa futhi udinga ukucabangela ithonya lokungcola, i-alloying degree, ukuguqulwa okubandayo, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo kanye nezinga lokushisa elishisayo le-deformation. Ukuze udale isistimu ye-annealing yezinga lokushisa eliphansi, kuyadingeka ukukala ijika lokushintsha phakathi kwezinga lokushisa le-annealing kanye nezakhiwo zemishini, bese unquma ububanzi bezinga lokushisa kwe-annealing ngokuvumelana nezinkomba zokusebenza ezichazwe ezimweni zobuchwepheshe.
2 Ukucisha
Ukucinywa kwe-aluminium ingxubevange kubizwa nangokuthi ukwelashwa kwesixazululo, okuwukuncibilikisa izakhi eziningi ze-alloying ensimbi njengesigaba sesibili esixazululweni esiqinile ngangokunokwenzeka ngokushisa okushisayo, okulandelwa ukupholisa okusheshayo ukuvimbela ukuduma kwesigaba sesibili, ngaleyo ndlela kutholwe isixazululo esiqinile se-alpha esisekelwe ku-aluminium esine-supersaturated, esilungiselelwe kahle ukwelashwa okulandelayo.
Isisekelo sokuthola isisombululo esiqinile se-α supersaturated ukuthi ukuncibilika kwesigaba sesibili ku-alloy ku-aluminium kufanele kwande kakhulu ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa, ngaphandle kwalokho, inhloso yokwelashwa kwesisombululo esiqinile ayikwazi ukufezwa. Izakhi eziningi ze-alloying ku-aluminium zingakha umdwebo wesigaba se-eutectic onalesi sici. Uma sithatha ingxubevange ye-Al-Cu njengesibonelo, izinga lokushisa le-eutectic lingu-548℃, futhi izinga lokushisa legumbi lokuncibilika kwethusi ku-aluminium lingaphansi kuka-0.1%. Uma ishisiswe kufika ku-548 ℃, ukuncibilika kwayo kukhuphuka kube ngu-5.6%. Ngakho-ke, ama-alloys e-Al-Cu aqukethe ithusi elingaphansi kuka-5.6% angena esifundeni sesigaba esisodwa esingu-α ngemva kokuba izinga lokushisa lokufudumala lidlule umugqa walo we-solvus, okungukuthi, isigaba sesibili i-CuAl2 sihlakazwe ngokuphelele ku-matrix, futhi isisombululo esisodwa esiqinile se-α esine-supersaturated singatholakala ngemva kokucisha.
Ukucisha kuwumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu futhi odinga kakhulu wokwelapha ukushisa kwama-alloys e-aluminium. Isihluthulelo ukukhetha izinga lokushisa lokushisa elifanele lokucisha futhi uqinisekise izinga lokupholisa elanele lokucisha, nokulawula ngokuqinile izinga lokushisa lomlilo nokunciphisa ukucisha ukubola.
Umgomo wokukhetha izinga lokushisa lokucisha uwukwandisa izinga lokushisa lokucisha lokucima ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi uqinisekisa ukuthi ingxubevange ye-aluminium ayishi kakhulu noma izinhlamvu zikhula ngokweqile, ukuze kwandiswe ukugcwala okukhulu kwesisombululo esiqinile esingu-α namandla ngemva kokwelashwa kokuguga. Ngokuvamile, isithando somlilo esishisayo se-aluminium alloy sidinga ukunemba kokulawula izinga lokushisa kwesithando somlilo ukuba kube phakathi kuka-±3℃, futhi umoya osesithandweni uphoqeleke ukuba ujikeleze ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufana kwezinga lokushisa kwesithando somlilo.
Ukushiswa ngokweqile kwengxubevange ye-aluminium kubangelwa ukuncibilika kwengxenye yezingxenye zephoyinti elincibilika eliphansi ngaphakathi kwensimbi, njenge-eutectics kanambambili noma yezinto eziningi. Ukushisa ngokweqile akubangeli nje ukunciphisa izakhiwo zemishini, kodwa futhi kunomthelela omkhulu ekuphikiseni ukugqwala kwe-alloy. Ngakho-ke, uma ingxube ye-aluminium isishiswe ngokweqile, ayikwazi ukuqedwa futhi umkhiqizo we-alloy kufanele ulahlwe. Izinga lokushisa langempela elishisa ngokweqile le-aluminium alloy linqunywa ngokuyinhloko ukwakheka kwe-alloy nokuqukethwe kokungcola, futhi lihlobene nesimo sokucubungula i-alloy. Izinga lokushisa elishisa kakhulu lemikhiqizo eye yacutshungulwa ukuguquguquka kwepulasitiki liphezulu kunalelo lokukhishwa. Uma kukhulu ukucutshungulwa kwe-deformation, kuba lula ukuthi izingxenye ze-non-equilibrium low-melting-point zincibilike ku-matrix lapho kushisa, ngakho izinga lokushisa langempela lokushiswa ngokweqile liyakhuphuka.
Izinga lokupholisa ngesikhathi sokucisha ingxubevange ye-aluminium linomthelela omkhulu emandleni okuqinisa ukuguga kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwengxubevange. Phakathi nenqubo yokucisha i-LY12 ne-LC4, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isixazululo esiqinile esingu-α asiboli, ikakhulukazi endaweni ezwela izinga lokushisa engu-290 ~ 420℃, futhi izinga lokupholisa elikhulu ngokwanele liyadingeka. Ngokuvamile kubekwe ukuthi izinga lokupholisa kufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-50℃/s, futhi ku-LC4 ingxubevange, kufanele lifinyelele noma lidlule ku-170℃/s.
Indlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yokucisha ama-alloys e-aluminium amanzi. Ukuzijwayeza ukukhiqiza kubonisa ukuthi uma sikhulu izinga lokupholisa ngesikhathi sokucisha, kuba sikhulu ingcindezi eyinsalela kanye nokuguqulwa kwensalela kwento ecishiwe noma ucezu lomsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, kuma-workpiece amancane anesimo esilula, izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingaba ngaphansi kancane, ngokuvamile libe ngu-10~30℃, futhi akufanele lidlule ku-40℃. Kuma-workpiece anobunjwa obuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nomehluko omkhulu ekujikeni kodonga, ukuze kuncishiswe ukuwohloka kokucima nokuqhekeka, izinga lokushisa lamanzi kwesinye isikhathi lingakhuphuka libe ngu-80 ℃. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi njengoba izinga lokushisa kwamanzi ethangi lokucisha likhuphuka, amandla nokumelana nokugqwala kwezinto nakho kuncipha ngokufanele.
3. Ukuguga
3.1 Uguquko kanye nezinguquko zenhlangano ngesikhathi sokuguga
Isixazululo esiqinile esingu-α esine-supersaturated esitholwe ngokucisha isakhiwo esingazinzile. Uma kushisa, izobola futhi iguquke ibe isakhiwo sokulinganisa. Ukuthatha ingxubevange ye-Al-4Cu njengesibonelo, ukwakheka kwayo kokulingana kufanele kube ngu-α+CuAl2 (θ isigaba). Lapho isisombululo esiqinile se-α sesigaba esisodwa se-supersaturated ngemva kokucisha sishiselwa ukuguga, uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu ngokwanele, isigaba esingu-θ sizoncipha ngokuqondile. Uma kungenjalo, izokwenziwa ngezigaba, okungukuthi, ngemva kwezigaba ezithile zenguquko eziphakathi nendawo, isigaba sokugcina sokulinganisa i-CuAl2 singafinyelelwa. Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa izici zesakhiwo sekristalu sesiteji ngasinye semvula phakathi nenqubo yokuguga ye-Al-Cu alloy. Umfanekiso a. isakhiwo se-crystal lattice esimweni sokucisha. Ngalesi sikhathi, iyisixazululo esiqinile sesigaba esisodwa esingu-α, futhi ama-athomu ethusi (amachashazi amnyama) asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo nangokungahleliwe ku-aluminum (amachashazi amhlophe) i-matrix lattice. Umfanekiso b. ikhombisa ukwakheka kwe-lattice esigabeni sokuqala semvula. Ama-athomu ethusi aqala ukugxila ezindaweni ezithile ze-matrix lattice ukuze akhe indawo yaseGuinier-Preston, ebizwa ngokuthi indawo ye-GP. Indawo ye-GP incane kakhulu futhi imise okwe-disc, inobubanzi obungaba ngu-5~10μm nogqinsi luka-0.4~0.6nm. Inani lezindawo ze-GP ku-matrix likhulu kakhulu, futhi ukuminyana kokusabalalisa kungafinyelela ku-10¹⁷~10¹⁸cm-³ . Isakhiwo sekristalu sendawo ye-GP sisafana naleyo ye-matrix, zombili ziyi-cubic egxile ebusweni, futhi igcina isikhombimsebenzisi esivumelanayo ne-matrix. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi ubukhulu bama-athomu ethusi buncane kunama-athomu e-aluminium, ukunothiswa kwama-athomu ethusi kuzobangela ukuba ingilazi yekristalu eseduze nendawo inciphe, okubangela ukuhlanekezela kwe-lattice.
Umdwebo we-schematic wesakhiwo sekristalu sishintsha i-al-Cu alloy ngesikhathi sokuguga
Umfanekiso a. Isimo sokucisha, isisombululo esiqinile sesigaba esisodwa esingu-α, ama-athomu ethusi (amachashazi amnyama) asakazwa ngokulinganayo;
Umfanekiso b. Esigabeni sokuqala sokuguga, kwakhiwa indawo ye-GP;
Umfanekiso c. Esigabeni sokugcina sokuguga, isigaba soguquko esihambisana kancane siyakhiwa;
Umfanekiso d. Ukuguga kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, imvula yesigaba sokulingana esingahlangani
Indawo ye-GP iwumkhiqizo wokuqala wokuna kwezulu ovela phakathi nenqubo yokuguga yama-alloys e-aluminium. Ukwelula isikhathi sokuguga, ikakhulukazi ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa lokuguga, kuzophinde kwakha ezinye izigaba zokuguquka ezimaphakathi. Ku-alloy ye-Al-4Cu, kunezigaba ezingu-θ” kanye no-θ' ngemva kwendawo ye-GP, futhi ekugcineni kufinyelelwa isigaba sokulinganisa i-CuAl2. θ” kanye no-θ' zombili izigaba zoshintsho zesigaba sika-θ, futhi ukwakheka kwekristalu kuyi-lattice eyisikwele, kodwa i-lattice engaguquki ihlukile. Usayizi we-θ mkhulu kunalowo wezoni ye-GP, usamise okwediski, enobubanzi obungaba ngu-15~40nm kanye nogqinsi luka-0.8~2.0nm. Iyaqhubeka nokugcina ukusebenzelana okuhambisanayo ne-matrix, kodwa izinga lokuhlanekezela kwe-lattice liqine kakhulu. Lapho usuka ku-θ” uye esigabeni sika-θ', usayizi ukhule wafinyelela ku-20~600nm, ukujiya kungu-10~15nm, futhi isixhumi esibonakalayo esihlangene siphinde sonakaliswe kancane, sibe isixhumi esibonakalayo esihlangana kancane, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso c. Umkhiqizo wokugcina wemvula yokuguga wukulingana kanye nesigaba se-2 esichithwa ngokuphelele isixhumi esibonakalayo esingabumbene, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso d.
Ngokwesimo esingenhla, i-aging order ye-Al-Cu alloy ithi αs→α+GP zone→α+θ”→α+θ'→α+θ. Isiteji sesakhiwo sokuguga sincike ekubunjweni kwengxubevange kanye nencazelo yokuguga. Kuvame ukuba nomkhiqizo wokuguga ongaphezu kowodwa osesimweni esifanayo. Lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu, lisondela ku-equibrium.
Phakathi nenqubo yokuguga, indawo ye-GP kanye nesigaba soshintsho esisuka ku-matrix sincane ngosayizi, sihlakazekile kakhulu, futhi asigogeki kalula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, babangela ukuhlanekezela kwe-lattice ku-matrix futhi benze inkambu yokucindezeleka, enomthelela omkhulu ovimbela ukunyakaza kwama-dislocation, ngaleyo ndlela bandise ukumelana nokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki ye-alloy futhi kuthuthukise amandla ayo nobulukhuni. Lesi simo sokuqina sokuguga sibizwa ngokuthi ukuqina kwemvula. Isibalo esingezansi sibonisa ukushintshwa kokuqina kwe-al-4Cu alloy ngesikhathi sokucisha nokwelashwa kokuguga ngendlela yejika. Isigaba I emfanekisweni simele ubulukhuni bengxubevange esimweni saso sokuqala. Ngenxa yemilando ehlukene yokusebenza okushisayo, ubulukhuni besimo sokuqala buzohluka, ngokuvamile HV=30~80. Ngemva kokushisisa ku-500℃ kanye nokucisha (isigaba II), wonke ama-athomu ethusi ancibilika ku-matrix ukuze akhe isisombululo esiqinile sesigaba esisodwa se-α esine-HV=60, esiqine ngokuphindwe kabili njengokuqina esimweni sokucwiliswa (HV=30). Lokhu kuwumphumela wokuqiniswa kwesixazululo esiqinile. Ngemva kokucisha, ibekwe ekamelweni lokushisa, futhi ubulukhuni be-alloy bukhuphuka ngokuqhubekayo ngenxa yokwakhiwa okuqhubekayo kwezindawo ze-GP (isigaba III). Le nqubo yokuguga yokuqina ekamelweni lokushisa ibizwa ngokuthi ukuguga kwemvelo.
I—isimo sokuqala;
II—isimo sesixazululo esiqinile;
III-ukuguga kwemvelo (indawo ye-GP);
IVa—ukwelashwa kokuhlehla ku-150~200℃ (kuphinde kwancibilika endaweni ye-GP);
I-IVb—ukuguga okwenziwayo (θ”+θ' isigaba);
I-V—i-overaging (θ”+θ' isigaba)
Esigabeni IV, ingxubevange ishiselwa ku-150 ° C ngokuguga, futhi umphumela wokuqina ubonakala kakhulu kunowokuguga kwemvelo. Ngalesi sikhathi, umkhiqizo wemvula ngokuyinhloko uyisigaba esingu-θ”, esinamandla amakhulu okuqinisa ama-alloys e-Al-Cu. Uma izinga lokushisa lokuguga likhuphuka ngokuqhubekayo, isigaba semvula siyashintsha sisuka esigabeni sika-θ” siye esigabeni sika-θ', umphumela wokuqina uba buthakathaka, futhi ubulukhuni buyancipha, kungena esigabeni V. Noma yikuphi ukwelashwa kokuguga okudinga ukushisisa okwenziwa yi-IV kanye ne-V. lesi sigaba. Uma ubulukhuni bufinyelela inani eliphakeme lobulukhuni elingafinyelelwa yi-alloy ngemva kokuguga (okungukuthi, isigaba IVb), lokhu kuguga kubizwa ngokuthi ukuguga okuphezulu. Uma inani eliphakeme lokuqina lingafinyelelwanga, libizwa ngokuthi ukuguga okungaphansi noma ukuguga kokwenziwa okungaphelele. Uma inani eliphakeme liwela futhi ubulukhuni buyancipha, kubizwa ngokuthi ukuguga ngokweqile. Ukuzinzisa ukwelashwa kokuguga nakho kungokwakho ukuguga ngokweqile. Indawo ye-GP eyakhiwe ngesikhathi sokuguga kwemvelo ayizinzile kakhulu. Uma kushisa ngokushesha ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme, elifana ne-200 ° C, futhi ligcinwa lifudumele isikhathi esifushane, indawo ye-GP izoncibilika ibuyele kusixazululo esiqinile esingu-α. Uma ipholiswa ngokushesha (icinywe) ngaphambi kwezinye izigaba zoshintsho ezifana no-θ” noma θ' imvula, ingxubevange ingabuyiselwa esimweni sayo sasekuqaleni sokucisha. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi “regression”, okuwukuqina kokwehla okuboniswa umugqa wamachashazi esigabeni IVa kusibalo. Ingxubevange ye-aluminium isayine ikhono lokuhlehla.
Ukuqina kweminyaka kuyisisekelo sokwenza ama-alloys e-aluminium alawuleka ngokushisa, futhi amandla ayo okuqinisa iminyaka ahlobene ngokuqondile nokwakheka kwe-alloy kanye nesistimu yokwelapha ukushisa. Ingxubevange ye-Al-Si kanye ne-Al-Mn ayinawo umphumela wokuqinisa imvula ngenxa yokuthi isigaba sokulinganisa sithola imvula ngokuqondile phakathi nenqubo yokuguga, futhi ayingxubevange ye-aluminium engashisi. Nakuba ama-alloys e-Al-Mg angakha izindawo ze-GP nezigaba zoshintsho u-β', anamandla athile kuphela okuqinisa imvula kuma-alloys ane-magnesium ephezulu. I-Al-Cu, i-Al-Cu-Mg, i-Al-Mg-Si kanye ne-Al-Zn-Mg-Cu ama-alloys anamandla okuqinisa imvula ezindaweni zawo ze-GP kanye nezigaba zoshintsho, futhi okwamanje ayizinhlelo eziyinhloko ze-alloy ezingaba ukushisa futhi ziqiniswe.
3.2 Ukuguga Ngokwemvelo
Ngokuvamile, ama-alloys e-aluminium angaqiniswa ukwelashwa kokushisa anomphumela wokuguga wemvelo ngemva kokucisha. Ukuqiniswa kokuguga kwemvelo kubangelwa indawo ye-GP. Ukuguga kwemvelo kusetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-alloys e-Al-Cu kanye ne-Al-Cu-Mg. Ukuguga kwemvelo kwama-alloys e-Al-Zn-Mg-Cu kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile kuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuze kufinyelele esigabeni esizinzile, ngakho-ke uhlelo lokuguga lwemvelo alusetshenziswa.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuguga okufakelwayo, ngemva kokuguga kwemvelo, amandla okukhiqiza we-alloy aphansi, kodwa i-plasticity nokuqina kungcono, futhi ukumelana nokugqwala kuphakeme. Isimo se-aluminium eqinile kakhulu yohlelo lwe-Al-Zn-Mg-Cu sihluke kancane. Ukumelana nokugqwala ngemva kokuguga kokwenziwa kuvame ukuba ngcono kunalokho ngemva kokuguga kwemvelo.
3.3 Ukuguga okuzenzela
Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuguga okwenziwa, ama-alloys e-aluminium ngokuvamile angathola amandla aphezulu esivuno (ikakhulukazi ukuqinisa isigaba soshintsho) kanye nokuzinza okungcono kwenhlangano. I-aluminiyamu eqinile kakhulu, i-aluminiyamu efojiwe kanye ne-aluminium ecijile ngokuvamile badala ngokuzenzela. Ukushisa kokuguga kanye nesikhathi sokuguga kunethonya elibalulekile kuzakhiwo ze-alloy. Izinga lokushisa lokuguga liphakathi kuka-120 ~ 190 ℃, futhi isikhathi sokuguga asidluli ku-24h.
Ngokungeziwe ekugugeni kokwenziwa kwesiteji esisodwa, ama-alloys e-aluminium angasebenzisa nesistimu yokuguga yokwenziwa esezingeni. Okusho ukuthi, ukushisa kwenziwa kabili noma ngaphezulu emazingeni okushisa ahlukene. Isibonelo, ingxubevange ye-LC4 ingaba yiminyaka engu-115~125℃ ngo-2~4h bese ibe ngu-160~170℃ ngo-3~5h. Ukuguga kancane kancane akukwazi nje ukunciphisa isikhathi ngokuphawulekayo, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise i-microstructure ye-Al-Zn-Mg kanye ne-Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, futhi kuthuthukise kakhulu ukumelana nokugqwala kwengcindezi, amandla okukhathala kanye nokuqina kokuphuka ngaphandle kokunciphisa ngokuyisisekelo izakhiwo zemishini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-06-2025
