1. Isingeniso
Isikhunta siyithuluzi eliyisihluthulelo se-aluminium profile extrusion. Phakathi nenqubo ye-profile extrusion, isikhunta sidinga ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukucindezela okukhulu, nokungqubuzana okuphezulu. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, kuzodala ukuguga kwesikhunta, ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki, nokulimala kokukhathala. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kubangele ukuphuka kwesikhunta.
2. Amafomu okwehluleka kanye nezimbangela zesikhunta
2.1 Ukwehluleka kokugqoka
I-Wear ifomu eliyinhloko eliholela ekuhlulekeni kwe-extrusion die, okuzokwenza ukuthi usayizi wamaphrofayela e-aluminium angabikho ohlelweni kanye nekhwalithi yangaphezulu yehle. Ngesikhathi se-extrusion, amaphrofayili e-aluminium ahlangana nengxenye evulekile ye-mold cavity ngokusebenzisa impahla ye-extrusion ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela okuphezulu ngaphandle kokucubungula ukugcoba. Olunye uhlangothi luthintana ngokuqondile nendiza yomugqa we-caliper, kanti olunye uhlangothi luyashelela, okuholela ekungqubuzaneni okukhulu. Ubuso bomgodi kanye nobuso bebhande le-caliper bubhekene nokugqoka nokwehluleka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, phakathi nenqubo yokungqubuzana kwesikhunta, enye insimbi ye-billet inamathele endaweni yokusebenza yesikhunta, okwenza i-geometry yesikhunta ishintshe futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa, futhi ibhekwa njengokwehluleka kokugqoka, okuyinto kuvezwe ngendlela yokudlula konqenqema lokusika, imiphetho eyindilinga, ukucwila kwendiza, ama-grooves angaphezulu, ukuxebula, njll.
Uhlobo oluthile lokugqokwa kwe-die lihlobene nezici eziningi ezifana nesivinini senqubo yokungqubuzana, njengokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zemishini yezinto ezifayo kanye ne-billet ecutshungulwayo, ukuhwaqeka okungaphezulu kwe-die ne-billet, kanye nokucindezela, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesivinini ngesikhathi senqubo ye-extrusion. Ukugqokwa kwesikhunta se-aluminium extrusion ikakhulukazi ukugqoka okushisayo, ukugqoka okushisayo kubangelwa ukungqubuzana, ukuthamba kwensimbi ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kanye nobuso bembobo yesikhunta ehlanganayo. Ngemuva kokuthi ubuso besikhunta buthambile ekushiseni okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka kwayo kuyancipha kakhulu. Enkambweni yokugqoka okushisayo, izinga lokushisa liyisici esiyinhloko esithinta ukugqoka okushisayo. Uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme, izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu.
2.2 Ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki
I-deformation yepulasitiki yephrofayili ye-aluminium extrusion die yinqubo yokukhiqiza ye-die metal material.
Njengoba i-extrusion die isesimweni sokushisa okuphezulu, ukucindezela okuphezulu, nokungqubuzana okuphezulu nensimbi ekhishwe isikhathi eside lapho isebenza, izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu le-die liyakhuphuka futhi libangele ukuthamba.
Ngaphansi kwezimo eziphakeme kakhulu zomthwalo, inani elikhulu lokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki lizokwenzeka, okwenza ibhande lomsebenzi ligoqe noma lidale i-ellipse, futhi ukuma komkhiqizo okhiqizwayo kuzoshintsha. Ngisho noma isikhunta singakhiqizi imifantu, sizohluleka ngoba ukunemba kobukhulu bephrofayela ye-aluminium akunakuqinisekiswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingaphezulu le-extrusion die lingaphansi kokuhluka kwezinga lokushisa okubangelwa ukushisa okuphindaphindiwe nokupholisa, okukhiqiza ukucindezeleka okushisayo okushintshanayo kokungezwani nokucindezelwa phezulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-microstructure iphinde ibe nezinguquko kumazinga ahlukahlukene. Ngaphansi kwalo mphumela ohlangene, ukuguga kwesikhunta kanye nokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki okungaphezulu kuzokwenzeka.
2.3 Ukulimala kokukhathala
Ukulimala kokukhathala okushisayo nakho kungenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuhluleka kwesikhunta. Lapho induku ye-aluminium eshisiwe ihlangana nobuso be-extrusion die, izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu lenduku ye-aluminium likhuphuka ngokushesha kakhulu kunokushisa kwangaphakathi, futhi ukucindezeleka okucindezelayo kukhiqizwa phezulu ngenxa yokwanda.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amandla okukhiqiza esikhunta ayancipha ngenxa yokwanda kwezinga lokushisa. Lapho ukwanda kwengcindezi kudlula amandla okukhiqiza ensimbi engaphezulu endaweni yokushisa ehambisanayo, ukucindezelwa kwepulasitiki kuvela phezulu. Uma iphrofayili ishiya isikhunta, izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu liyehla. Kodwa uma izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwephrofayili lisephezulu, kuzokwakhiwa uhlobo oluqinile.
Ngokufanayo, lapho ukwanda kwengcindezi ye-tensile kudlula amandla esivuno sendawo yephrofayili, ukuqina kwepulasitiki kuzokwenzeka. Lapho uhlobo lwendawo lwesikhunta ludlula umkhawulo wokunwebeka futhi lungena endaweni yohlobo lwepulasitiki, ukunqwabelana kancane kancane kwezinhlobo zepulasitiki ezincane kungase kwakheke imifantu yokukhathala.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze uvimbele noma unciphise ukulimala kokukhathala kwesikhunta, izinto ezifanele kufanele zikhethwe futhi kwamukelwe uhlelo olufanele lokwelapha ukushisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekuthuthukiseni indawo yokusetshenziswa kwesikhunta.
2.4 Ukuphuka kwesikhunta
Ekukhiqizeni kwangempela, imifantu isakazwa ezingxenyeni ezithile zesikhunta. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile sesevisi, imifantu emincane iyakhiqizwa futhi kancane kancane ikhule ngokujula. Ngemuva kokuthi imifantu ikhule ibe yisayizi ethile, amandla okuthwala umthwalo wesikhunta azoba buthakathaka kakhulu futhi abangele ukuphuka. Noma ama-microcracks asevele enzekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokuqala kokushisa nokucubungula kwesikhunta, okwenza kube lula ukuthi isikhunta sande futhi sibangele ukuqhekeka kwasekuqaleni ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.
Ngokuphathelene nokuklama, izizathu eziyinhloko zokwehluleka ukuklama kwamandla esikhunta kanye nokukhethwa kwe-fillet radius ekushintsheni. Mayelana nokukhiqiza, izizathu eziyinhloko ziwukuhlolwa kwangaphambili kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokunaka ukuqina nokulimala kwendawo ngesikhathi sokucubungula, kanye nomthelela wokwelashwa kokushisa kanye nekhwalithi yokwelashwa kwendawo.
Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekulawuleni ukushisa kwesikhunta, isilinganiso se-extrusion kanye nokushisa kwe-ingot, kanye nokulawula isivinini se-extrusion kanye nokugeleza kokuguqulwa kwensimbi.
3. Ukwenza ngcono impilo yesikhunta
Ekukhiqizeni amaphrofayili e-aluminium, izindleko zesikhunta zenza ingxenye enkulu yezindleko zokukhiqiza iphrofayili ye-extrusion.
Izinga lesikhunta nalo lithinta ngqo ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Njengoba izimo zokusebenza zesikhunta se-extrusion ekukhiqizeni iphrofayili ye-extrusion zinzima kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukulawula ngokuqinile isikhunta kusukela ekuklanyeni nasekukhethweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo ekukhiqizeni kokugcina kwesikhunta kanye nokusetshenziswa nokugcinwa okulandelayo.
Ikakhulukazi phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, isikhunta kufanele sibe nokuzinza okuphezulu kokushisa, ukukhathala okushisayo, ukumelana nokugqoka okushisayo kanye nokuqina okwanele ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yesevisi yesikhunta nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
3.1 Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokubumba
Inqubo ye-extrusion yamaphrofayili e-aluminium iyizinga lokushisa eliphezulu, inqubo yokucubungula umthwalo ophezulu, futhi i-aluminium extrusion die ingaphansi kwezimo zokusetshenziswa ezinzima kakhulu.
I-extrusion die ingaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu, futhi izinga lokushisa lasendaweni lingafinyelela ku-600 degrees Celsius. Ingaphezulu le-extrusion die lishiswa ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi lipholile, okubangela ukukhathala okushisayo.
Lapho ukhipha ama-alloys e-aluminium, isikhunta kufanele simelane nokucindezelwa okuphezulu, ukugoba kanye nezingcindezi zokugunda, okuzobangela ukuguga kokunamathela nokuguga.
Ngokuya ngezimo zokusebenza ze-extrusion die, izakhiwo ezidingekayo zezinto ezibonakalayo zinganqunywa.
Okokuqala, impahla idinga ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zidinga ukuba kube lula ukuncibilika, ukukhanga, ukucutshungulwa kanye nokwelapha ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impahla idinga ukuba namandla aphezulu kanye nobunzima obuphezulu. I-Extrusion iyafa ngokuvamile isebenza ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nengcindezi ephezulu. Lapho ukhipha ama-alloys e-aluminium, amandla aqinile wento efayo ekamelweni lokushisa adingeka ukuthi abe makhulu kuno-1500MPa.
Kudingeka kube nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, okungukuthi, ikhono lokumelana nomthwalo wemishini emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ngesikhathi se-extrusion. Idinga ukuba nokuqina komthelela ophezulu kanye namanani okuqina okuphuka kwezinga lokushisa elivamile nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukuvimbela isikhunta ekuqhekekeni okushwabene ngaphansi kwezimo zengcindezi noma imithwalo enomthelela.
Kudingeka kube nokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu, okungukuthi, indawo engaphezulu inamandla okumelana nokugqoka ngaphansi kokushisa okuphakeme kwesikhathi eside, ukucindezela okuphezulu nokugcotshwa okuncane, ikakhulukazi lapho i-extruding aluminium alloys, inamandla okumelana nokunamathela kwensimbi nokugqoka.
Ukuqina okuhle kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe izakhiwo eziphakeme nezifanayo zemishini kuyo yonke ingxenye yethuluzi.
I-thermal conductivity ephezulu iyadingeka ukuze kukhishwe ngokushesha ukushisa okuvela endaweni yokusebenza yesikhunta samathuluzi ukuvimbela ukushiswa kwendawo noma ukulahlekelwa ngokweqile kwamandla omshini we-workpiece ekhishwe kanye nesikhunta ngokwaso.
Kudingeka kube nokumelana okuqinile nokucindezeleka okuphindaphindiwe kwe-cyclic, okungukuthi, kudinga amandla ahlala njalo ukuvimbela ukulimala ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokukhathala. Kudingeka futhi kube nokumelana nokugqwala okuthile kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle ze-nitridability.
3.2 Ukuklama okunengqondo kwesikhunta
Ukuklama okunengqondo kwesikhunta kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwandisa impilo yayo yesevisi. Isakhiwo sesikhunta esiklanywe kahle kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi akukho okwenzekayo okugqashuka komthelela kanye nokugxila kwengcindezi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, lapho uklama isikhunta, zama ukwenza ukucindezeleka engxenyeni ngayinye ngisho, futhi unake ukuze ugweme amakhona abukhali, amakhona ama-concave, umehluko wokushuba odongeni, ingxenye yodonga olubanzi olubanzi oluncane, njll, ukuze ugweme ukucindezeleka ngokweqile. Bese, kubangele ukuwohloka kokwelashwa kokushisa, ukuqhekeka kanye nokuqhekeka okuphukayo noma ukuqhekeka okushisayo kwangaphambi kwesikhathi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, kuyilapho idizayini esezingeni ibuye ihambisane nokushintshisana kokugcinwa nokugcinwa kwesikhunta.
3.3 Ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yokwelashwa kokushisa nokwelashwa kwendawo
Impilo yesevisi ye-extrusion die incike kakhulu kwikhwalithi yokwelashwa kokushisa. Ngakho-ke, izindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokwelashwa kokushisa kanye nezinqubo zokwelashwa kokushisa kanye nokuqina nokuqinisa ubuso zokwelapha kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa impilo yesevisi yesikhunta.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwelashwa kokushisa kanye nezinqubo zokuqinisa ubuso zilawulwa ngokuqinile ukuze kuvinjelwe amaphutha okwelapha ukushisa. Ukulungisa amapharamitha wenqubo yokucisha nokushisa, ukwandisa inani lokwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukwelashwa kokuzinzisa kanye nokushisa, ukunaka ukulawula izinga lokushisa, ukushisa nokupholisa amandla, ukusebenzisa imidiya entsha yokucisha kanye nokufunda izinqubo ezintsha kanye nemishini emisha njengokuqinisa nokuqinisa ukwelashwa nokuqinisa okuhlukahlukene kwendawo. ukwelashwa, kuyasiza ekuthuthukiseni impilo yesevisi yesikhunta.
3.4 Ukwenza ngcono izinga lokukhiqiza isikhunta
Ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwesikhunta, izindlela zokucubungula ezijwayelekile zifaka ukucubungula ngomshini, ukusika ucingo, ukucutshungulwa kokukhishwa kukagesi, njll. Ukucutshungulwa komshini kuyinqubo ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ebalulekile enqubweni yokucubungula isikhunta. Akushintshi nje kuphela ubukhulu bokubukeka kwesikhunta, kodwa futhi kuthinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yephrofayili kanye nempilo yesevisi yesikhunta.
Ukusika ngocingo kwezimbobo zokufa kuyindlela yenqubo esetshenziswa kakhulu ekucubunguleni isikhunta. Ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nokunemba kokucubungula, kodwa futhi iletha izinkinga ezithile ezikhethekile. Isibonelo, uma isikhunta esicutshungulwe ngocingo sisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ngokuqondile ngaphandle kokushisa, i-slag, i-peeling, njll kuzokwenzeka kalula, okuzonciphisa impilo yesevisi yesikhunta. Ngakho-ke, ukufudumala okwanele kwesikhunta ngemva kokusikwa kocingo kungathuthukisa isimo sokucindezeleka okungaphezulu, kunciphise ukucindezeleka okusele, futhi kwandise impilo yesevisi yesikhunta.
Ukugxila kwengcindezi kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokuphuka kwesikhunta. Ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuvunyelwe idizayini yomdwebo, ubukhulu bobubanzi bentambo yokusika intambo, kuba ngcono. Lokhu akusizi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka ukuvimbela ukuvela kokugxila kokucindezeleka.
Umshini wokukhipha ugesi uwuhlobo lwemishini yokugqwala kagesi eyenziwa yi-superposition yokuhwamuka kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuncibilika kanye nokuhwamuka koketshezi ngomshini okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuphuma. Inkinga yukuthi ngenxa yokushisa kokushisa nokupholisa okusebenza ku-machining fluid kanye nesenzo se-electrochemical of the machining fluid, kwakhiwa ungqimba oluguquliwe engxenyeni yomshini ukuze kukhiqizwe ubunzima nokucindezeleka. Endabeni kawoyela, ama-athomu ekhabhoni abola ngenxa yokushiswa kwamafutha asakazwa futhi angcwatshwe endaweni yokusebenza. Lapho ukucindezeleka okushisayo kwanda, ungqimba oluwohlokayo luba brittle futhi luqine futhi lujwayele ukuqhekeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukucindezeleka okusele kwakhiwa futhi kunamathiselwe ku-workpiece. Lokhu kuzoholela ekunciphiseni amandla okukhathala, ukuphuka okusheshayo, ukugqwala kwengcindezi nezinye izenzakalo. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula, kufanele sizame ukugwema izinkinga ezingenhla futhi sithuthukise ikhwalithi yokucubungula.
3.5 Ukwenza ngcono izimo zokusebenza kanye nezimo zenqubo ye-extrusion
Izimo zokusebenza ze-extrusion die zimbi kakhulu, futhi indawo yokusebenza nayo yimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa indlela yenqubo ye-extrusion kanye nemingcele yokucubungula, nokuthuthukisa izimo zokusebenza nendawo yokusebenza kunenzuzo ekuthuthukiseni impilo yokufa. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwe-extrusion, kuyadingeka ukwenza ngokucophelela uhlelo lwe-extrusion, ukhethe uhlelo oluhle kakhulu lwemishini kanye nokucaciswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukwakha imingcele yenqubo ye-extrusion engcono kakhulu (njengokushisa kwe-extrusion, isivinini, i-extrusion coefficient kanye ne-extrusion pressure, njll.) indawo yokusebenza ngesikhathi sokukhipha (okufana nokupholisa amanzi noma ukupholisa i-nitrogen, ukugcotshwa okwanele, njll.), ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umthwalo wokusebenza wesikhunta (njengokunciphisa ukucindezela kwe-extrusion, ukunciphisa ukushisa okubandayo kanye nomthwalo oshintshanayo, njll.), sungula futhi uthuthukise isikhunta cubungula izinqubo zokusebenza kanye nezinqubo zokusebenzisa ngokuphephile.
4 Isiphetho
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathrendi embonini ye-aluminium, eminyakeni yamuva wonke umuntu ufuna amamodeli okuthuthukisa angcono ukuze athuthukise ukusebenza kahle, onge izindleko, futhi andise izinzuzo. I-extrusion die ngokungangabazeki iyindawo ebalulekile yokulawula ukukhiqizwa kwamaphrofayili e-aluminium.
Kunezici eziningi ezithinta impilo ye-aluminium extrusion die. Ngaphezu kwezinto zangaphakathi ezifana nokuklama kwesakhiwo namandla okufa, izinto ezifayo, ukucubungula okubandayo nokushisayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula ugesi, ukwelashwa kokushisa nobuchwepheshe bokwelapha obungaphezulu, kunenqubo yokukhipha kanye nezimo zokusebenzisa, ukugcinwa nokulungisa ukufa, ukukhishwa kwe-extrusion. izici zempahla yomkhiqizo kanye nokuma, ukucaciswa nokuphathwa kwesayensi kwefasi.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izici ezithonyayo aziyona into eyodwa, kepha inkinga ebanzi yezinto eziningi, ukuthuthukisa impilo yayo yebo kuyinkinga ehlelekile, ekukhiqizeni kwangempela nasekusetshenzisweni kwenqubo, idinga ukukhulisa ukuklama, ukucubungula isikhunta, ukusetshenziswa kwesondlo kanye nezinye izici eziyinhloko zokulawula, bese uthuthukisa impilo yesevisi yesikhunta, unciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza, uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
Ihlelwe nguMay Jiang evela kwaMAT Aluminium
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-14-2024
