Amaphrofayili e-aluminium alloy eza ngezinhlobo eziningi kanye nokucaciswa, nezinqubo eziningi zokukhiqiza, ubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezidingo eziphezulu. Ukukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene kuzokwenzeka nakanjani phakathi nayo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza yokukhipha, ukukhipha, ukuqeda ukwelashwa kokushisa, ukwelashwa kwendawo, ukugcinwa, ukuthutha nokupakisha.
Izimbangela nezindlela zokuqeda ukukhubazeka kwendawo:
1. Ukwendlaleka
Imbangela:
Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ubuso be-ingot bugcotshwe ngamafutha nothuli, noma ingxenye esebenzayo yengxenye engaphambili yomphongolo we-extrusion igugile kakhulu, okubangela ukuqoqwa kwensimbi engcolile ezungeze indawo yokunwebeka ye-front end. Yakheka lapho indawo eshelelayo ye-elastic zone igingqelwa endaweni ezungezile yomkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokukhipha. Ngokuvamile ivela ekugcineni komsila womkhiqizo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kuvele ekugcineni okuphakathi noma ngisho nangaphambili komkhiqizo. Kukhona futhi amalungiselelo angenangqondo embobo yokufa, eduze kakhulu nodonga lwangaphakathi lomgqomo we-extrusion, ukuguga ngokweqile noma ukuguqulwa komgqomo we-extrusion kanye ne-extrusion pad, njll., okungase futhi kubangele ukubekwa.
Indlela yokuqeda:
1) Thuthukisa ukuhlanzeka kwendawo ye-ingot.
2) Nciphisa ubulukhuni obungaphezulu kwesilinda esikhiphayo kanye nesikhunta, bese ushintsha ngokushesha isilinda sokukhipha kanye nephedi le-extrusion eliguge kakhulu futhi lingabekezeleleki.
3) Thuthukisa ukwakheka kwesikhunta futhi wenze indawo yembobo yokufa ibe kude nonqenqema lwesilinda sokukhipha ngangokunokwenzeka.
4) Yehlisa umehluko phakathi kobubanzi bephedi ye-extrusion kanye nobubanzi bangaphakathi besilinda sokukhipha, futhi unciphise insimbi engcolile esele olwelweni lwesilinda sokukhipha.
5) Gcina ulwelwesi lwesilinda sokukhipha luqinile, noma sebenzisa i-gasket ukuhlanza ulwelwesi ngesikhathi.
I-6) Ngemva kokusika izinto ezisele, kufanele zihlanzwe futhi akukho mafutha okugcoba okufanele avunyelwe.
2. Amabhamuza noma ukuxebuka
Imbangela:
Isizathu siwukuthi isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-ingot sineziphambeko ezifana nokuxega, ama-pores, nokuqhekeka kwangaphakathi, noma isivinini se-extrusion sishesha kakhulu ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa, futhi ukukhishwa akukuhle, okwenza umoya udonswe emkhiqizweni wensimbi. .
Izizathu zokukhiqiza zamabhamuza noma ukuxebuka zihlanganisa:
1) I-extrusion cylinder kanye ne-extrusion pad zigugile futhi azikwazi ukubekezelelana.
I-2) I-cylinder ye-extrusion kanye ne-extrusion pad ingcolile kakhulu futhi igcotshwe ngamafutha, umswakama, i-graphite, njll;
3) Kunemifantu yefosholo ejulile kakhulu ebusweni bengot; noma kunezimbotshana, amabhamuza, izicubu ezixegayo, namabala kawoyela ebusweni bengothi. Okuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen ku-ingot kuphakeme;
4) Umgqomo awuzange uhlanzwe lapho ushintsha ingxubevange;
5) Izinga lokushisa lesilinda extrusion kanye ingot extrusion ziphakeme kakhulu;
6) Usayizi we-ingot udlula ukuchezuka okuvunyelwe okunegethivu;
I-7) Ingot yinde kakhulu, igcwele ngokushesha, futhi izinga lokushisa le-ingot alilingani;
8) Umklamo wembobo yokufa awunangqondo. Noma ukusika izinto ezisele ngokungafanele;
Indlela yokuqeda:
I-1) Thuthukisa izinga lokucwenga, ukukhipha i-gassing kanye nokukhipha ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka okufana nama-pores, looseness, imifantu kanye nezinye iziphambeko ku-ingot;
2) Dala ngokunengqondo izilinganiso ezifanayo zesilinda sokukhipha kanye nephedi ye-extrusion; hlola usayizi wethuluzi njalo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi liyahlangabezana nezidingo.
3) I-extrusion pad ayikwazi ukuphuma ekubekezeleleni;
4) Uma ushintsha i-alloy, isilinda kufanele sihlanzwe kahle;
I-5) Yehlisa isivinini se-extrusion kanye nesiteji sokugcwalisa;
6) Gcina izindawo zamathuluzi nezinsimbi zihlanzekile, zibushelelezi futhi zomile ukuze unciphise ukugcotshwa kwe-extrusion pad kanye nesikhunta;
7) Ukusebenza okuqinile, ukusika okulungile kwezinto ezisele kanye nokukhipha okuphelele;
I-8) Indlela yokushisa ye-ingot gradient isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinga lokushisa lekhanda le-ingot libe phezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa lomsila liphansi. Lapho ugcwalisa, ikhanda lishintsha kuqala, futhi igesi ku-cylinder ikhishwa kancane kancane ngegebe phakathi kwephedi nodonga lwe-cylinder extrusion;
9)Hlola okokusebenza kanye nezinsimbi njalo ukuze uvimbele izinga lokushisa elidlulele kanye nesivinini eseqile;
10) Dizayina futhi ukhiqize amathuluzi nesikhunta ngokunengqondo, bese uklama izimbobo zegayidi kanye nezimbobo zokuphambukisa ngomthambeka wangaphakathi ongu-1° ukuya ku-3°.
3. Imifantu ye-Extrusion
Imbangela:
Ukuvela kwemifantu kuhlobene nokucindezeleka nokugeleza kwensimbi ngesikhathi senqubo ye-extrusion. Ukuthatha imifantu ngezikhathi ezithile njengesibonelo, izithiyo zesimo sesikhunta kanye nomthelela wokungqubuzana kokuxhumana kuvimbela ukugeleza kwendawo engenalutho. Ijubane lokugeleza phakathi nendawo yomkhiqizo likhulu kunejubane lokugeleza lensimbi yangaphandle, ukuze insimbi yangaphandle ingaphansi kokucindezeleka okwengeziwe, futhi isikhungo singaphansi kokucindezeleka okwengeziwe kokucindezela. Isizukulwane sokucindezeleka okwengeziwe sishintsha isimo sokucindezeleka esiyisisekelo endaweni ye-deformation, okubangela ukucindezeleka okusebenzayo kwe-axial kwesendlalelo esingaphezulu (i-superposition yokucindezeleka okuyisisekelo nokucindezeleka okwengeziwe) kungase kube ukucindezeleka okuqinile. Lapho lokhu kucindezeleka okuqinile kufinyelela emkhawulweni wangempela wamandla okuphuka kwensimbi, imifantu enwebekayo ngaphakathi izovela phezulu, ukuma kwayo kuhlobene nesivinini sensimbi ngokusebenzisa indawo yokuguqulwa.
Indlela yokuqeda:
I-1) Qinisekisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-alloy kuhlangabezana nezidingo ezishiwo, thuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-ingot, unciphise okuqukethwe kokungcola ku-ingot okuzobangela ukwehla kwe-plasticity, futhi unciphise okuqukethwe kwe-sodium kuma-alloys aphezulu e-magnesium.
2) Sebenzisa ngokuqinile ukucaciswa okuhlukahlukene kokushisisa nokukhipha, futhi ulawule ngokunengqondo izinga lokushisa lokukhipha kanye nesivinini ngokuya ngezinto nezici zomkhiqizo.
3) Thuthukisa ukwakheka kwesikhunta, wandise ngokufanele ubude bebhande lokulinganisa isikhunta futhi wandise ngokufanele i-fillet radius yamakhona e-cross-section. Ikakhulukazi, ukuklanywa kwebhuloho lokubunjwa, igumbi lesiteshi se-soldering, kanye ne-radius yekona kufanele kube okunengqondo.
I-4) Thuthukisa umphumela we-homogenization we-ingot futhi uthuthukise ipulasitiki kanye nokufana kwe-alloy.
5) Uma izimo zivuma, sebenzisa izindlela ezifana ne-lubrication extrusion, i-cone die extrusion noma i-reverse extrusion ukuze unciphise ukuwohloka okungalingani.
6) Hlola njalo amathuluzi nemishini ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza okuvamile.
4. Ikhasi lewolintshi
Imbangela:
Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi isakhiwo sangaphakathi somkhiqizo sinezinhlamvu eziqinile. Ngokuvamile, lapho izinhlamvu ziba mahholo, kuba sobala kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi uma ukunwetshwa kukukhulu, lolu hlobo lwesici sekhasi lewolintshi kungenzeka kakhulu.
Izindlela zokuvimbela:
Ukuze uvimbele ukuvela kokukhubazeka kwekhasi le-orange, into esemqoka ukukhetha izinga lokushisa elifanele le-extrusion kanye nesivinini se-extrusion nokulawula ubude. Thuthukisa isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-ingot futhi uvimbele okusanhlamvu okuqinile.
5. Amabala amnyama
Imbangela:
Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi izinga lokupholisa endaweni yokuxhumana phakathi kwengxenye yephrofayili enodonga oluqinile kanye nokuzwayo ukumelana nokushisa (noma umugqa we-graphite) kuncane kakhulu, futhi ukugxiliswa kwesisombululo esiqinile kuncane kakhulu kunezinye izindawo. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo sangaphakathi sihlukile futhi ukubukeka kubonisa umbala omnyama.
Indlela yokuqeda:
Indlela eyinhloko ukuqinisa ukupholisa kwetafula lokukhipha futhi ungayeki endaweni eyodwa lapho ufinyelela itafula lokushelela kanye nombhede wokupholisa, ukuze imikhiqizo ikwazi ukuxhumana nomzwelo ophikisana nokushisa ezindaweni ezahlukene ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimo zokupholisa ezingalingani.
6. Imivimbo yezicubu
Imbangela:
Ngenxa yesakhiwo esingalingani kanye nokwakheka kwezingxenye ezikhishiwe, imigqa efana nebhande ekuqondeni kwe-extrusion ivela emikhiqizweni. Ngokuvamile kuvela ezindaweni lapho ukujiya kodonga kushintsha. Lokhu kunganqunywa ngokugqwala noma i-anodizing. Lapho ushintsha amazinga okushisa okugqwala, ukubhinca ngezinye izikhathi kungase kunyamalale noma kushintshe ububanzi nokuma. Isizathu singenxa yokungalingani kwe-macroscopic noma i-microstructure ye-ingot, i-homogenization enganele ye-ingot noma isistimu yokushisisa engalungile yokucubungula umkhiqizo okhishiwe.
Indlela yokuqeda:
1) Ingot kufanele icwengwe ukuze igweme ukusebenzisa ingots enamahlamvu amahhadla.
2) Thuthukisa isikhunta, khetha umumo ofanele wesigxobo somhlahlandlela, futhi usike imbobo yomhlahlandlela noma ibhande lokulinganisa isikhunta.
7. Longitudinal welding line
Imbangela:
Ngokuyinhloko kubangelwa umehluko wesakhiwo phakathi kwengxenye eshiselwe ukugeleza kwensimbi nezinye izingxenye zensimbi ku-extrusion die. Noma kungase kubangelwe ukungatholakali kwe-aluminium eyanele endaweni yokushisela isikhunta ngesikhathi sokukhipha.
Indlela yokuqeda:
1) Thuthukisa ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sebhuloho kanye nomgodi wokushisela wesikhunta esihlanganisiwe esihlukanisiwe. Njengokulungisa isilinganiso sokuhlukaniswa-isilinganiso sendawo yembobo ehlukanisiwe endaweni yomkhiqizo okhishiwe, kanye nokujula komgodi wokushisela.
2) Ukuqinisekisa isilinganiso esithile se-extrusion, naka ibhalansi phakathi kwezinga lokushisa le-extrusion nesivinini se-extrusion.
3) Ungasebenzisi amaketanga okuphonswa anamabala kawoyela ngaphezulu ukuze ugweme ukuxuba izinto zokugcoba nezinto zangaphandle endaweni yokushisela.
I-4) Ungasebenzisi amafutha ku-cylinder extrusion kanye ne-extrusion pad futhi uzigcine zihlanzekile.
5) Khulisa ngokufanele ubude bezinto ezisele.
8. Imigqa yokushisela enezingqimba noma amamaki wokumisa
Imbangela:
Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhishwa okuqhubekayo, insimbi ekubunjweni ayishiselwe kahle engxenyeni yangaphambili yensimbi ye-billet esanda kufakwa.
Indlela yokuqeda:
1) Lola i-blade yesikelo esisetshenziselwa ukusika izinto ezisele bese uyiqondisa.
I-2) Hlanza indawo yokugcina ye-billet ukuze uvimbele uwoyela wokugcoba nezinto zangaphandle ukuthi zingahlangani.
3) Khulisa izinga lokushisa le-extrusion ngokufanele futhi ukhiphe kancane kancane futhi ngokulinganayo.
4) Dala ngokunengqondo futhi ukhethe isikhunta samathuluzi, izinto zokubumba, ukuhlanganisa usayizi, amandla nobulukhuni.
9. Imihuzuko, imihuzuko
Imbangela:
Isizathu esiyinhloko siwukuthi lapho imikhiqizo ithuthwa ivundlile isuka etafuleni le-slide-out iye etafuleni lokusaha lomkhiqizo oqediwe, izinto eziqinile ziphuma embhedeni wokupholisa bese ziklwebha imikhiqizo. Ezinye zazo zenzeka ngesikhathi sokulayisha nokuhamba.
Indlela yokuqeda:
1) Ibhande lokulinganisa isikhunta kufanele libe bushelelezi futhi lihlanzeke, futhi ithuluzi elingenalutho lesikhunta kufanele libe bushelelezi.
2) Hlola ngokucophelela lapho ufaka isikhunta ukuze ugweme ukusebenzisa isikhunta esinemifantu emincane. Naka i-fillet radius lapho uklama isikhunta.
3) Hlola futhi upholise ibhande lomsebenzi wesikhunta ngokushesha. Ubulukhuni besikhunta kufanele bufane.
4) Njalo hlola umbhede wokupholisa kanye netafula lokugcina lomkhiqizo ophelile. Kufanele zibe bushelelezi ukuvimbela ama-protrusion aqinile ukuthi angaklwebhi imikhiqizo. Indlela yokuqondisa ingagcotshwa ngendlela efanele.
I-5) Lapho ulayisha, ama-spacers athambile kunomkhiqizo oqediwe kufanele abekwe, futhi ukuthutha nokuphakamisa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushelela nangokucophelela.
10. Ukucindezela insimbi
Imbangela:
Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi i-alumina slag ekhiqizwa endaweni engenalutho yommese wesikhunta inamathela kumkhiqizo okhishiwe futhi igeleza etafuleni lokukhipha noma i-slide ngaphandle kwetafula futhi icindezelwe ebusweni bezinto ezikhishwe ngama-roller. Ngesikhathi se-anodization, akukho filimu ye-oxide noma ama-indentation noma imigodi eyakhiwe lapho insimbi icindezelwa khona.
Indlela yokuqeda:
1) Lungisa ibhande lokulinganisa futhi unciphise ubude bebhande lokulinganisa.
2) Lungisa ummese ongenalutho webhande lokulinganisa.
3) Shintsha ukwakheka kwezimbobo zokufa bese uzama ukugwema ukubeka indawo eyisicaba yomkhiqizo ngaphansi kanye nokuthintana namarola ukuze uvimbele ukucindezelwa kwe-alumina slag.
I-4) Hlanza indawo kanye neziphetho ze-ingot futhi ugweme ukushefa kwensimbi emafutheni okugcoba.
11. Okunye ukukhubazeka okungaphezulu
Imbangela:
I-1) Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuncibilika nokukhipha, ukubunjwa kwamakhemikhali akulingani, ngokufakwa kwensimbi, ama-pores, kanye ne-non-metallic inclusions, isakhiwo sangaphakathi sefilimu ye-oxide noma insimbi ayilingani.
I-2) Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-extrusion, izinga lokushisa nokuguqulwa akulingani, isivinini se-extrusion sishesha kakhulu, ukupholisa akulingani, futhi isakhiwo asilingani ekuxhumaneni ne-graphite namafutha.
I-3) Umklamo wesikhunta awunangqondo futhi ukuguqulwa phakathi kwamakhona abukhali wesikhunta akulula. Ummese ongenalutho mncane kakhulu futhi uklwebha insimbi, isikhunta asicutshungulwa kahle, sinama-burrs futhi abushelelezi, futhi ukwelashwa kwe-nitriding akukuhle. Ukuqina kwendawo akulingani futhi ibhande lomsebenzi alibushelelezi.
I-4) Phakathi nenqubo yokwelashwa okungaphezulu, ukugxila koketshezi lokugeza, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokuminyana kwamanje akunangqondo, futhi inqubo yokwelapha ukugqwala kwe-asidi noma ukugqwala kwe-alkali ayilungile.
Indlela yokuqeda:
1) Lawula ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, wandise inqubo yokulingisa, uqinise ukuhlanzwa, ukucwengwa kanye ne-homogenization.
2) Inqubo ye-ingot homogenization idinga ukupholisa ngokushesha.
3) Lawula ngokunengqondo izinga lokushisa nesivinini ukuze uqinisekise ukuwohloka okufanayo nokusebenzisa ubude be-ingot obunengqondo.
4) Thuthukisa ukuklama kanye nezindlela zokukhiqiza zesikhunta, wandise ubulukhuni bebhande elisebenzayo lesikhunta, futhi unciphise ubulukhuni bobuso.
5) Lungiselela inqubo ye-nitriding.
6) Lawula ngokuqinile inqubo yokwelashwa okungaphezulu ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kwesibili noma ukungcola okungaphezulu ngesikhathi sokugqwala kwe-asidi noma ukugqwala kwe-alkali.
Ihlelwe nguMay Jiang evela kwaMAT Aluminium
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-28-2024
