I-Reuters ibonakala inemithombo emihle kakhulu ekujuleni kwe-Tesla. Embikweni wangoSepthemba 14, 2023, ithi bangaphezu kuka-5 abantu abayitshele ukuthi inkampani isisondela emgomweni wayo wokuphonsa isidumbu esingaphansi kwezimoto zayo ibe yisiqephu esisodwa. I-Die casting iyinqubo elula kakhulu. Dala isikhunta, sigcwalise ngensimbi encibilikisiwe, sivumele sipholile, susa isikhunta, futhi voila! Imoto esheshayo. Isebenza kahle uma wenza izimoto ze-Tinkertoys noma ze-Matchbox, kodwa kunzima kakhulu uma uzama ukuyisebenzisela ukwenza izimoto ezinosayizi ogcwele.
Izinqola ze-conestoga zazakhiwe phezu kwamafreyimu enziwe ngamapulangwe. Izimoto zakuqala zazisebenzisa amafreyimu okhuni. Lapho uHenry Ford edala umugqa wokuqala womhlangano, inkambiso kwakuwukwakha izimoto ohlakeni lwesitebhisi - ojantshi bensimbi ababili abahlanganiswe nezingcezu eziphambanayo. Imoto yokuqala yokukhiqiza unibody kwaba iCitroen Traction Avant ngo-1934, yalandelwa yiChrysler Airflow ngonyaka olandelayo.
Izimoto ezizimele azinalo uhlaka ngaphansi kwazo. Esikhundleni salokho, umzimba wensimbi uyabunjwa futhi wakheke ngendlela yokuthi ukwazi ukusekela isisindo se-drivetrain futhi uvikele abangaphakathi uma kwenzeka ingozi. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1950s, abakhiqizi bezimoto, abagqugquzelwa ukwakhiwa okusha okuqalwe yizinkampani zaseJapan ezifana neHonda neToyota, bashintshela ekwenzeni izimoto ezisebenza ngamasondo angaphambili.
Sonke isitimela esinamandla, esiphelele ngenjini, ukudlulisa, ukuhluka, ama-driveshaft, ama-struts, namabhuleki, safakwa endaweni ehlukile eyaphakanyiswa yabekwa endaweni esuka ngezansi kulayini wokuhlanganisa, kunokuba iwise injini kanye nokudluliswa kwamandla kusuka ngaphezu kwendlela eya ngayo. kwenziwa ezimotweni ezakhiwe ohlakeni. Isizathu soshintsho? Izikhathi zokuhlanganisa ezisheshayo eziholele ekwehleni kwezindleko zeyunithi yokukhiqiza.
Isikhathi eside, ubuchwepheshe be-unibody bebuthandwa kulezo ezibizwa nge-economy izimoto kuyilapho amafreyimu esiteji bekuyiwo ukukhethwa kwama-sedans amakhulu nezinqola. Bekukhona ama-hybrids axutshwe kuwo - izimoto ezinamafreyimu ngaphambili aboshwe endaweni yabagibeli abangabodwa. I-Chevy Nova ne-MGB yayiyizibonelo zalo mkhuba, ongazange uhlale isikhathi eside.
I-Tesla Pivots To High Pressure Casting
U-Tesla, owenze umkhuba wokuphazamisa indlela izimoto ezenziwa ngayo, waqala ukuzama ukulingisa ingcindezi ephezulu eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Okokuqala igxile ekwenzeni isakhiwo sangemuva. Lapho selilungile, lashintshela ekwenzeni isakhiwo sangaphambili. Manje, ngokwemithombo, uTesla ugxile ekuphonseni ingcindezi ngaphambili, isikhungo, nezigaba zangemuva konke ekusebenzeni okukodwa.
Kungani? Ngoba amasu okukhiqiza endabuko asebenzisa izitembu ezingafika ku-400 okumele zishiselwe, zibhowudwe, zigoqwe, noma zinamathiselwe ndawonye ukuze kwakhiwe isakhiwo esiphelele somuntu oyedwa. Uma uTesla engathola leli lungelo, izindleko zayo zokukhiqiza zingancipha ngamaphesenti angama-50. Lokho, kuzofaka ingcindezi enkulu kubo bonke abanye abakhiqizi ukuthi baphendule noma bazithole bengakwazi ukuncintisana.
Akusho ukuthi labo bakhiqizi bazizwa behlukumezekile nhlangothi zonke njengoba izisebenzi ze-upity union zishaya amasango futhi zifuna ucezu olukhulu lwanoma iyiphi inzuzo esatholwa.
UTerry Woychowsk, osebenze kwaGeneral Motors amashumi amathathu eminyaka, wazi into noma ezimbili mayelana nokukhiqiza izimoto. Manje usengumongameli wenkampani yobunjiniyela yaseMelika iCaresoft Global. Utshela abakwaReuters ukuthi uma uTesla ekwazile ukusakaza ingxenye enkulu ye-EV, lokho kuzophinde kuphazamise indlela izimoto eziklanywe ngayo nezikhiqizwa ngayo. “Iwumthombo wama-steroid. Kunomthelela omkhulu embonini, kodwa kuwumsebenzi oyinselele kakhulu. Ukulingisa kunzima kakhulu ukwenza, ikakhulukazi kukhulu futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. ”
Imithombo emibili ithe indlela entsha kaTesla yokuklama kanye nokukhiqiza isho ukuthi inkampani ingakwazi ukwakha imoto kusukela phansi iye phezulu ezinyangeni ezingu-18 kuya kwezingu-24, kanti iningi lezimbangi okwamanje lingathatha iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine. Uhlaka olulodwa olukhulu - oluhlanganisa ingxenye yangaphambili nengemuva nendawo engaphansi ephakathi nendawo lapho ibhethri lihlala khona - ingase isetshenziselwe ukwakha imoto entsha, encane kagesi ebiza cishe u-$25,000. U-Tesla bekulindeleke ukuthi anqume ukuthi uzofa afake isiteji esisodwa ngokushesha nje kule nyanga, kusho imithombo emithathu.
Izinselele Ezibalulekile Ezizayo
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu zika-Tesla ekusebenziseni ukusakaza kwengcindezi ephezulu ukuklama ozimele abancane abangenalutho kodwa abanezimbambo zangaphakathi ezidingekayo ukuze bakwazi ukuqeda amandla okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphahlazeka. Imithombo ifuna ukusungulwa kochwepheshe bedizayini nokusakaza e-Britain, Germany, Japan, nase-United States zisebenzisa ukuphrinta kwe-3D nesihlabathi sezimboni.
Ukwenza isikhunta esidingekayo ekukhipheni umfutho ophezulu wezingxenye ezinkulu kungabiza kakhulu futhi kuza nezingozi ezinkulu. Uma sekwenziwe isikhunta esikhulu sokuhlola insimbi, ukulungisa ama-machining ngesikhathi senqubo yokuklama kungabiza u-$100,000 njalo, noma ukwenza kabusha isikhunta ngokuphelele kufinyelele ku-$1.5 million, ngokusho komunye uchwepheshe wokulingisa. Omunye uthe yonke inqubo yokuklama isikhunta esikhulu sensimbi izobiza cishe u-$4 million.
Abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi babheke izindleko kanye nezingozi njengeziphezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi njengoba umklamo ungase udinge uhhafu weshumi nambili noma ama-tweaks ngaphezulu ukuze uzuze ukufa okuphelele ngokombono womsindo nokudlidliza, ukulingana nokuqeda, i-ergonomics kanye nokuphahlazeka. Kodwa ingozi yinto engavamile kumkhathaza u-Elon Musk, owaba ngowokuqala ukwenza amarokhethi andizele emuva.
I-Industrial Sand & 3D Printing
Kubikwa ukuthi uTesla usephendukele kumafemu enza isikhunta sokuhlola ngesihlabathi sezimboni ezinamaphrinta e-3D. Esebenzisa ifayela ledizayini yedijithali, amaphrinta aziwa ngokuthi amajethi ahlanganisayo afaka into ebopha uketshezi ongqimbeni oluncane lwesihlabathi futhi kancane kancane akhe isikhunta, ungqimba ngongqimba, olungafa inhlaka encibilikisiwe. Ngokusho komunye umthombo, izindleko zenqubo yokuqinisekisa ukuklama ngokukhipha isihlabathi kubiza cishe u-3% wokwenza into efanayo nge-prototype yensimbi.
Lokho kusho ukuthi i-Tesla ingakwazi ukulungisa ama-prototypes kaningi njengoba kudingeka, iphinde iphrinte entsha esikhathini esingamahora ambalwa isebenzisa imishini evela ezinkampanini ezifana ne-Desktop Metal kanye neyunithi yayo ye-ExOne. Umjikelezo wokuqinisekisa umklamo kusetshenziswa ukubunjwa kwesihlabathi kuthatha izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu kuphela, kusho imithombo emibili, uma kuqhathaniswa nanoma yikuphi ukusuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni kokubunjwa okwenziwe ngensimbi.
Naphezu kwalokho kuvumelana nezimo okukhulu, nokho, kwakusenesinye isithiyo esikhulu okufanele sinqobe ngaphambi kokuba ukulingisa ngezinga elikhulu kwenziwe ngempumelelo. Ama-alloys e-aluminium asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-castings aziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ekubunjweni okwenziwe ngesihlabathi kunakubunjwa okwenziwe ngensimbi. Ama-prototypes okuqala ngokuvamile ayehluleka ukuhlangabezana nokucaciswa kukaTesla.
Ochwepheshe bokuphonsa bakunqobe lokho ngokwenza ama-alloys akhethekile, ukulungisa kahle inqubo yokupholisa ingxubevange encibilikisiwe, kanye nokuqhamuka nokwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokukhiqizwa, imithombo emithathu yathi. Uma u-Tesla esenelisekile ngesikhunta sesihlabathi se-prototype, angakwazi ukutshala imali ekugcineni kwensimbi yokukhiqiza ngobuningi.
Imithombo ithe imoto encane/robotaxi ezayo kaTesla iyinikeze ithuba elihle lokusakaza inkundla ye-EV ngesiqeshana esisodwa, ikakhulukazi ngoba i-underbody yayo ilula. Izimoto ezincane azinayo “i-overhang” enkulu ngaphambili nangemuva. “Kufana nesikebhe ngendlela, ithreyi lebhethri elinamaphiko amancane anamathele kuzo zombili iziphetho. Lokho kungenza kube nengqondo ukwenza ingxenye eyodwa,” kusho omunye.
Imithombo ithi uTesla kusafanele anqume ukuthi hlobo luni lomshini azowusebenzisa uma enquma ukuphonsa umuntu ongaphansi endaweni eyodwa. Ukwakha izitho zomzimba ezinkulu ngokushesha kuzodinga imishini emikhulu yokuphonsa enamandla amakhulu okubamba amathani ayi-16,000 noma ngaphezulu. Imishini enjalo izobiza futhi ingase idinge izakhiwo zefekthri ezinkulu.
Ukucindezela okunamandla okubamba okuphezulu akukwazi ukuthwala ama-sand cores aphrinte i-3D adingekayo ukwenza ama-subframes angenalutho. Ukuze kuxazululwe leyo nkinga, u-Tesla usebenzisa uhlobo oluhlukile lokucindezela lapho ingxubevange encibilikisiwe ingajovwa kancane - indlela evame ukukhiqiza ukulingwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu futhi ekwazi ukufaka izinsimbi zesihlabathi.
Inkinga iwukuthi: leyo nqubo ithatha isikhathi eside. "UTesla usengakhetha ukucindezela okuphezulu kokukhiqiza, noma bangakhetha umjovo we-alloy ohamba kancane ukuze uthole ikhwalithi nokuhlukahluka," kusho omunye wabantu. “Kusewuhlamvu lwemali okwamanje.”
I-Takeaway
Noma ngabe yisiphi isinqumo uTesla asenzayo, sizoba nomthelela ozonyakaza embonini yezimoto emhlabeni wonke. I-Tesla, naphezu kokwehliswa kwentengo okuphawulekayo, usenza izimoto zikagesi ngenzuzo - okuthile abakhiqizi bezimoto abakuthola kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza.
Uma i-Tesla ingakwazi ukunciphisa izindleko zayo zokukhiqiza kakhulu ngokusebenzisa ukukhishwa kwengcindezi ephezulu, lezo zinkampani zizoba ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu kakhulu kwezomnotho. Akunzima ukucabanga ukuthi kwenzekani ku-Kodak noNokia kwenzeka kubo. Ukuthi lokho kungawushiyaphi umnotho womhlaba futhi bonke abasebenzi abenza izimoto ezijwayelekile njengamanje kuwukuqagela kwanoma ngubani.
Umthombo:https://cleantechnica.com/2023/09/17/tesla-may-have-perfected-one-piece-casting-technology/
Umbhali: USteve Hanley
Ihlelwe nguMay Jiang evela kwaMAT Aluminium
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-05-2024
