Ukufana kokuncibilika kanye nokuvumelana kwama-alloys e-aluminium kubalulekile kwikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yokuphonsa, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekusebenzeni kwezinsimbi nezinto ezicutshunguliwe. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuncibilika, ukwakheka kwezinto ze-aluminium alloy kumele kulawulwe ngokuqinile ukuze kugwenywe ukuhlukaniswa kokwakheka kanye nokungalingani okusanhlamvu, okuthinta ngokuqondile izakhiwo zemishini, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokusebenziseka kwezinto zokugcina.
Ukufana kokuncibilika kuhlobene eduze nokwakheka kwama-alloys e-aluminium, imishini yokuncibilikisa, imingcele yenqubo, njll. Phakathi nenqubo yokukhipha, ukuziphatha kokuqina koketshezi lwe-aluminium emazingeni okushisa ahlukene kunquma isakhiwo sangaphakathi sezinto. I-gradient yezinga lokushisa, izinga lokupholisa, njll. izothinta usayizi wokusanhlamvu nokusatshalaliswa kwe-ingot, bese ithinta ukufana kwento. Ngokulawula izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika, ukwelashwa kwe-homogenization nezinye izindlela zobuchwepheshe, izinkinga zokuhlukaniswa kwengxenye kanye nokungalingani kosayizi wokusanhlamvu kungancishiswa ngokuphumelelayo.
Ukufana kokuncibilika kanye nokuvumelana kwama-alloys e-aluminium yizinkinga eziyinhloko zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yokuphonsa, ehlobene ngokuqondile nezinkomba eziningi ezibalulekile ezifana nezakhiwo zemishini, ukumelana nokugqwala nokusebenza kokucubungula kokusakazwa. Ukufana nokuvumelana kuhilela izici eziningi ezifana nokusatshalaliswa kwezinto, ukulawula usayizi wokusanhlamvu, nokuziphatha kokuqina kwengxubevange phakathi nenqubo yokuncibilika.
1. Ukubaluleka kokuncibilika okufanayo
Enqubweni yokuncibilikisa ama-alloys e-aluminium, ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwezinto zensimbi kuyisidingo esiyisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwempahla. Uma ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuncibilika kungazinzile, izakhi ku-alloy zingase zihlukanise, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwendawo okungahambisani kwezinto. Lokhu kwakheka okungalingani kuzodala umehluko wokusebenza ngesikhathi sokuqiniswa okulandelayo kanye nenqubo yokucubungula, kunciphisa amandla emishini, ukuqina kanye nokumelana nokugqwala komkhiqizo. Ukufana okungalungile ekuncibilikeni kuzodala izindawo ezibuthakathaka noma ezibuthakathaka ezintweni, okulula kakhulu ukwenza imifantu nokuhluleka.
2. Ukuhluzwa okusanhlamvu ngesikhathi sokubunjwa
Ubukhulu kanye nokuma kwezinhlamvu kuthinta ngokuqondile izakhiwo zemishini yokubunjwa kanye nokwakheka kweziphambeko zokuphonsa. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqinisa i-aluminium alloy, uma izinhlamvu zinkulu kakhulu noma zingalingani, zivame ukwakha ama-microstructures angathandeki njengamakristalu e-columnar kanye namakristalu e-feather, angabangela kalula ukuhlakazeka noma ukukhiqiza okunye ukukhubazeka ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Ukuze uvimbele lezi zimo, ubuchwepheshe bokucwenga buvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa okusanhlamvu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezihlungi kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuxazulula le nkinga. Ikakhulukazi, ukwethulwa kwezihlungi ze-aluminium-titanium-boron kunokuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo ku-microstructure ye-aluminium alloy ingots. Ngokungeza abacwengi, okusanhlamvu kungacwengwa kakhulu, i-microstructure ephansi-multiple yezinto ezibonakalayo ingenziwa i-homogenized, futhi amakristalu ekholomu kanye nezakhiwo zokusanhlamvu eziqinile zingancishiswa. Umphumela ohlanganisiwe we-TiAl₃ ne-TiB₂ ku-aluminium-titanium-boron refiner ukhuphula inani le-crystal nuclei, uthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-crystal nuclei oketshezini lwe-aluminium, wenza okusanhlamvu kube kuhle futhi kufane kakhudlwana, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ikhwalithi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini. ukulingisa.
Uma usebenzisa abacwengi, ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukulawula ngokunembile inani kanye nendlela yokwengeza. Ngokuvamile, inani lomcwengisisi elingeziwe kufanele libe elilinganiselwe. Ukwengeza ngokweqile kuzoholela ekuhluzeni okusanhlamvu ngokweqile futhi kuthinte ukuqina kwengxubevange, kuyilapho kuncane kakhulu kuzoholela ekucwengisweni okwanele. Ukwengeza, ukusatshalaliswa komcwengisisi kufanele kufane ukuze kugwenywe ukweqisa kwendawo noma ukuntula ekuncibilikeni, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhluzwa okusanhlamvu okufanayo kwakho konke ukubunjwa.
3. Ukulawula izinga lokushisa kanye nobuchwepheshe obunyakazayo ngesikhathi sokuncibilika
Ukuncibilika okufanayo kuthinteka kakhulu ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa nezindlela zokunyakazisa. Lapho kuncibilikiswa ama-alloys e-aluminium, izinga lokushisa lokusabalalisa inkambu yokuncibilika kanye nesimo sokugeleza kwensimbi encibilikisiwe kudlala indima ebalulekile ekufaneni kokwakheka. Izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo eliphezulu kakhulu noma eliphansi kakhulu lingabangela ukwakheka okungalingani noma okusanhlamvu okumahhadla. Ngokulawula izinga lokushisa elifanelekile le-gradient, ukuhlukaniswa kwezinyibilikisiwe ekuncibilikeni kungancishiswa ngempumelelo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuchwepheshe obushukumisayo budlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokuncibilikisa. Ngokunyakaziswa komshini noma kazibuthe, ukungezwani okungaphezulu kwengxube ye-aluminium ewuketshezi kungaphulwa, ukuze i-solute isatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo esigabeni se-liquid futhi ukunothisa kwasendaweni kwezinto kuvinjwe. Ukufana kokunyakazisa kuthinta ngokuqondile ukuhambisana kokwakheka kokuncibilika kanye nekhwalithi yokuqiniswa elandelayo. Ukulawula okunengqondo kwejubane elinyakazayo kanye nesikhathi, ukunyakazisa okwanele okwanele ngemva kokwengezwa kwezicwengisisi, kungathuthukisa ukufana kukonke kokuncibilika futhi kuqinisekise umphumela wokucwenga okusanhlamvu kokusanhlamvu.
4. Ukulawulwa kwe-Microstructure ngesikhathi sokuqina
Inqubo yokuqinisa iyisiteji esibalulekile esithinta i-microstructure ye-aluminium alloy castings. Ngesikhathi sokuqiniswa, ukusabalalisa kwenkundla yezinga lokushisa endaweni encibilikayo, ukuziphatha kokusabalalisa kabusha kwe-solute, kanye nokuvela kwe-morphological of the grain kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kokulingisa kokugcina. Ukuze uthole ukukhishwa kwe-aluminium alloy yekhwalithi ephezulu, kuyadingeka ukulawula izinga lokupholisa, ukupholisa okukhulu, kanye nesimo se-thermodynamic se-solid-liquid interface ngaphambili ngesikhathi sokuqina.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqinisa, ukupholisa okusheshayo kusiza ukwakha isakhiwo se-crystal equiaxed futhi sinciphise ingxenye yamakristalu ekholomu. Ngokulungiselela izinga lokupholisa kanye nokulawula izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi senqubo yokupholisa, ukufana kwesakhiwo sokusanhlamvu kungathuthukiswa ngempumelelo. Ukwengeza, ekubunjweni kwesigaba esikhulu, inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa kwe-homogenization ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwezigaba eziqinile zemvula futhi ithuthukise ngokwengeziwe ukufana nokuvumelana kwezinto.
5. Ukuthuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo ubuchwepheshe bokuncibilikisa
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinto zokwakha ze-aluminium alloy, ubuchwepheshe bokuncibilikisa buye bathuthuka ngokuqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe bokulawula obuhlakaniphile nobucwengisisiwe. Imishini yesimanje yokuncibilikisa ingxubevange ye-aluminium ikhokha kakhulu ukunakekela ekulawuleni okuzenzakalelayo. Ngemishini yokuthola nokulawula ku-inthanethi, ukubunjwa, izinga lokushisa kanye nesimo sokuhluzwa okusanhlamvu kokuncibilika kungagadwa ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokufana kwenqubo yokuncibilikisa.
Ukwengeza, ngokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokuncibilikisa, ubuchwepheshe obunjengokuncibilikisa okufushane kanye nokwelashwa kokulungiswa kwe-inthanethi buye bathandwa kancane kancane. Lobu buchwepheshe abuthuthukisi nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi kwehlisa ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nezindleko zokukhiqiza, kuqhubeke nokugqugquzela ukwenziwa kwesimanje kobuchwepheshe bokuncibilikisa i-aluminium alloy.
Enqubweni yokuncibilikiswa kwe-aluminium alloy, ukufana nokuvumelana kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngokusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwezihlungi, ukuthuthukiswa kokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nobuchwepheshe obunyakazayo, ukwakheka kokusanhlamvu nokusabalalisa kokubunjwa kwe-ingot kungathuthukiswa kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukulingisa kunezici ezinhle kakhulu zemishini kanye nekhwalithi ezinzile. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, inqubo yokuncibilikisa ama-alloys e-aluminium iqhubekela phambili ekuhlakanipheni nasekuthuthukisweni, futhi ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yokukhipha i-aluminium alloy ithuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo.
Ukwengeza, ukungezwa kwabacolisi kuyisilinganiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa ukufana kokuncibilikiswa kwe-aluminium alloy. Ukusetshenziswa kwezihlungi ze-aluminium-titanium-boron kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukwakheka okuphansi kokukhulisa ingot futhi kunciphise amaphutha njengamakristalu ophaphe namakristalu ekholomu. Ngenkathi iqinisekisa umphumela wokucwenga okusanhlamvu, lolu hlobo lwesicwengisisi futhi ludinga ukulawula inani laso elingeziwe nokusabalalisa, ukuqinisekisa ukufana kokwakheka, nokugwema ukuhlangana komcwengisisi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokuncibilika nokukhipha ama-alloys e-aluminium, kuyadingeka ukwandisa inqubo yokuncibilikisa, ucwenge okusanhlamvu, futhi ulawule ngokuqinile ukusatshalaliswa kwezakhi ze-alloying.
Enqubweni yokuncibilikiswa kwe-aluminium alloy, ukufana nokuvumelana kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngokusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwezihlungi, ukuthuthukiswa kokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nobuchwepheshe obunyakazayo, ukwakheka kokusanhlamvu nokusabalalisa kokubunjwa kwe-ingot kungathuthukiswa kakhulu, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukulingisa kunezici ezinhle kakhulu zemishini kanye nekhwalithi ezinzile. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, inqubo yokuncibilikisa ama-alloys e-aluminium iqhubekela ekuhlakanipheni nasekucolisweni, futhi ngokuqhubekayo ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-aluminium alloy casting.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-27-2024
