Ithusi
Lapho ingxenye-ecebile ye-aluminium-Copper Alloy ingama-548, i-solubity ephezulu yethusi e-aluminium ingu-5.65%. Lapho amazinga okushisa ehla ku-302, i-solubity yethusi ngu-0,45%. I-Copper iyinto ebalulekile ye-alloy futhi inesixazululo esithile esiqinile sokuqinisa umphumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cul2 etholwe ngokuguga inomphumela wokuqina wokuguga osobala. Okuqukethwe yi-Aluminium Alloys kuvame ukuba phakathi kuka-2,5% no-5%, futhi umphumela wokuqiniswa ungcono kakhulu lapho okuqukethwe ithusi kuphakathi kuka-4% no-6.8%, ngakho-ke okuqukethwe yi-alloys iningi laseDuralumin kungaphakathi kwalolu banga. I-Aluminium-Copper Alloys ingaqukatha i-silicon encane, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-chromium, i-zinc, iron nezinye izinto.
Anzini
Lapho i-aluminium-rich ingxenye yohlelo lwe-al-Si Alloy inokushisa kwama-eutectic kwama-577, i-solubity ephezulu ye-silicon kusixazululo esiqinile yi-1.65%. Yize ukuncipha kwe-solubal ngokuncipha kwamazinga okushisa, lezi zenhlalo ngokuvamile azikwazi ukuqiniswa ukwelashwa kokushisa. I-Aluminium-Silicon Alloy inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuphonsa kanye nokuphikiswa kokugqwala. Uma i-magnesium ne-silicon yengezwa ku-aluminium ngasikhathi sinye ukwakha i-aluminium-magnesium-silicon alloy, isigaba esiqinisiwe yi-MGSI. Isilinganiso esikhulu se-Magnesium kuya eSilicon yi-1.73: 1. Lapho uklama ukwakheka kwe-Al-Mg-Si Alloy, okuqukethwe yiMagnesium ne-Silicon kumisiwe kulesi silinganiso ku-matrix. Ukuze uthuthukise amandla we-Al-Mg-Si Alloys athile, inani elifanele lethusi lingezwa, futhi inani elifanele le-chromium lingezwa ukulungisa imiphumela emibi yethusi ekuphikisweni kwethusi.
I-solubility ephezulu ye-mg2si e-aluminium engxenyeni ecebile ye-aluminium yomdwebo wesigaba sokulingana sohlelo lwe-Al-Mg2si Alloy lungu-1.85%, futhi ukuwohloka kuncipha njengoba izinga lokushisa lincipha. Ku-aluminium aluminium alloys, ukwengezwa kwe-silicon yedwa ku-aluminium kukhawulelwe ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo, futhi ukungezwa kwe-silicon ku-alumininum nakho kunomthelela othile oqinisa.
Insundu
Yize ijika le-solubity libonisa ukuthi i-solubility ye-magnesinum incipha kakhulu njengoba izinga lokushisa lincipha, okuqukethwe kwe-magnesium ezindaweni eziningi ze-aluminium aluminium alformed alforment aluminium alloys angaphansi kuka-6%. Okuqukethwe kwe-silicon nakho kuphansi. Lolu hlobo lwe-alloy alunakuqiniswa ukwelashwa kokushisa, kepha lunokushaywa okuhle, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, namandla aphakathi. Ukuqiniswa kwe-aluminium nge-magnesium kusobala. Kuwo wonke ama-1% wenyuka nge-magnesium, amandla ashukumisayo anda cishe cishe nama-34MPA. Uma kungaphansi kwe-1% iManganese yengezwa, umphumela wokuqiniswa ungahle ungezelelwa. Ngakho-ke, ukungeza amanganese kunganciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-magnesium futhi kunciphise ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-manganese ingaphinde ifane nezakhi ze-MG5AL8, ngcono ukumelana nokugqwala nokusebenza kwe-welding.
Mangangane
Lapho izinga lokushisa le-eutectic lomdwebo wesigaba se-Flat Equilibrium sohlelo lwe-Al-Mn Alloy lungama-658, i-solubity ephezulu ye-manganese kwikhambi eliqinile lingu-1.82%. Amandla we-alloy akhuphuka ngokwanda kwe-solubity. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-malinganise kungu-0.8%, ukugcwala kufinyelela inani eliphezulu. I-Al-MN Alloy yi-alloy engenazona ebudala, okungukuthi, ayikwazi ukuqiniswa ukwelashwa okushisa. IManganese ingavimbela inqubo yokuphindaphinda kwama-aluminium alloys, yandisa izinga lokushisa kabusha kabusha, futhi ihlanze kakhulu okusanhlamvu okuphindaphindwayo. Ukucolisiswa okusanhlamvu okuphindaphindwayo kungenxa yokuthi izinhlayiya ezihlakazekile ze-Mnal6 zamakhompiyutha zivimba ukukhula okusanhlamvu okuphindaphindwayo. Omunye umsebenzi we-Mnal6 ukuncibilikisa ukungcola kwensimbi ukuze wakhe (FE, MN) Al6, kunciphisa imiphumela eyingozi yensimbi. IManganese iyinto ebalulekile e-Aluminium Alloys. Ingangezwa yedwa ukwakha i-allinary alloy. Kaningi, kufakwa kanye nezinye izinto ezengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, iningi le-aluminium alloys liqukethe i-manganese.
Uthayela
I-solubity ye-zinc e-aluminium ingama-31.6% engxenyeni engu-275 engxenyeni ye-aluminium-ecebile yomdwebo wesigaba sokulingana sohlelo lwe-Al-Zn Alloy, kanti i-solubity yayo iyehla ku-5.6% ku-aluminium ine ngcono kakhulu amandla we-aluminium alloy ngaphansi kwezimo ze-deformation. Ngasikhathi sinye, kukhona ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezelo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise uhlelo lwayo. Ukungeza i-zinc kanye ne-magnesium ku-aluminium ngasikhathi sinye kwakha isigaba esiqinisayo mg / ZN2, esinomphumela oqinile wokuqinisa ku-alloy. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-MG / ZN2 kukhuphuka kusuka ku-0.5% kuya ku-12%, amandla ashubile kanye namandla okuvutha angakhuphuka kakhulu. E-Superhard Aluminium Alloys lapho okuqukethwe kwe-magnesium kudlula inani elidingekayo ukwakha isigaba se-MG / ZN2, lapho isilinganiso se-zinc ku-magnesium silawulwa cishe ngo-2.7, ukuqina kokugqwayiza kokuqhekeka kukhulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukungeza into yethusi ku-al-zn-mg kwakha i-alloy ye-Al-Zn-Mg-Mg-Cu. Umphumela wokuqiniswa kwesisekelo omkhulu kunawo wonke ama-alluminium alloys. Kuyinto futhi into ebalulekile ye-aluminium alloy e-Aerospace, embonini yezindiza, nasembonini yamandla kagesi.
Insimbi ne-silicon
I-Iron ingezwa njengezinto ezenziwayo ku-AL-Cu-MG-FE Uchungechunge lwenziwe we-aluminium alloys, kanti i-silicon ingezwa njengezinto ezenziwe nge-al-Mg-Si Series zenze i-aluminium ne-Al-Si Selies Welding Rods kanye ne-Aluminium-Silicon Casting ama-alloys. E-Base Aluminium Alloys, i-Silicon ne-Iron yizinto ezijwayelekile zokungcola, ezinomthelela omkhulu kwizakhiwo ze-alloy. Bakhona ikakhulukazi njenge-Fecl3 ne-salicon yamahhala. Lapho i-silicon inkulu kune-iron, β-fesial3 (noma i-Fesial3 (noma FO2SI2AL9) yakhiwa, futhi lapho i-iron inkulu kakhulu kune-silicon, α-fle2sial8 (noma fe3si2al12) iyakhiwa. Lapho isilinganiso sensimbi ne-silicon asilungile, kuzodala imifantu ekukhohliseni. Lapho okuqukethwe kwensimbi ku-Aluminium e-Cast kuphezulu kakhulu, ukusakaza kuzoba brittle.
Titanium ne-boron
I-Titanium iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu esele esele kuma-aluminium alloys, ingezwe ngendlela ye-Al-Ti noma i-Al-Ti-B Master Alloy. I-Titanium ne-aluminium yakha isigaba se-tial2, esiba yisisekelo esingewona esizenzile ngesikhathi se-crystallization futhi sidlala indima ekucobeni isakhiwo sokuphonsa kanye nesakhiwo se-weld. Lapho i-al-ti alloys ephendula ngephakeji, okuqukethwe okubucayi kwe-titanium kucishe kube ngu-0.15%. Uma uBoron ekhona, ukwehla kuncane njenge-0.01%.
I-Chromium
I-Chromium iyinto evamile yokwengeza ochungechungeni lwe-al-Mg-si, uchungechunge lwe-al-MG-ZN, kanye ne-Al-Mg Series Alloys. Ku-600 ° C, i-solubility ye-chromium e-aluminium ingu-0.8%, futhi empeleni ayikhohlisi ekushiseni kwegumbi. I-Chromium iyakha amakhompiyutha e-asmetallic afana (CRFE) Al7 no (CRMN) al12 e-aluminium, evimbela inqubo yokuzijabulisa nokukhula kokuphindaphinda futhi inomphumela othile wokuqinisa kwi-alloy. Kungathuthukisa futhi ubunzima be-alloy futhi kunciphise ukuthambekela ekucindezelekeni kokugqwayiza.
Kodwa-ke, indawo yandisa ukuzwela, okwenza ifilimu eliphuzi eliphuzi. Inani le-chromium elingezwe kuma-aluminium alloys ngokuvamile alidluli ku-0.35%, futhi linciphe ngokwanda kwezinto zoshintsho ku-alloy.
Ukrontitshe
I-Strontium iyinto esebenzayo engaphezulu engashintsha indlela yokuziphatha kwezigaba ezihlanganisiwe ze-intendes. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kokuguqulwa nge-strontium element kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwepulasitiki kwe-alloy nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ngenxa yesikhathi sayo sokuguqulwa esisheshayo, umphumela omuhle kanye nokuzala, i-strontium ithathe indawo ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium ku-al-si casting alloys eminyakeni yamuva. Ukungeza ngo-0.015% ~ 0.03% Strontium kuya ku-Aluminium Alloy ekukhishweni kwe-Aluminium kuguqula isigaba se-β-alfesi esigabeni se-Ingot ku-60% ~ 70%, ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokusebenza kwepulasitiki kwezinto zokwakha; Ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwemikhiqizo.
Okwe-High-Silicon (10% ~ 13%) Ama-Aluminium Alloys akhubazekile, angeze i-0.02% ~ 0.07% into ye-strontium anganciphisa amakristalu aphansi kube ubuncane, futhi izakhiwo zemishini zithuthukiswa kakhulu. I-Tensile Amandla e-EMBE yenyuka ukusuka ku-233mpa kuya ku-236MPA, futhi amandla okuvulelwa ngaphandle kwe-204MPA kuye ku-210MPA kuye ku-210MPA, futhi i-elongation bheli inyuswa isuka ku-9% ibe ngu-12%. Ukungeza i-Strontium ku- hypeetetipectic al-si alloy inganciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiya ze-silicon eziphambili, ngcono ukwakheka kwepulasitiki, futhi inike amandla ukugoqa okushisayo nokubandayo okubandayo.
Ticeyonium
I-Zirconium nayo isengezo esivamile kuma-aluminium alloys. Ngokuvamile, inani elingezwe ku-aluminium alloys lingu-0,1% ~ 0.3%. I-Zirconium ne-Aluminium form form Zral3 Compounds, engavimba inqubo yokuphindaphinda futhi ihlanze okusanhlamvu okuphindaphindwayo. I-Zirconium nayo ingahlaziya isakhiwo sokuphonsa, kepha umphumela mncane kune-titanium. Ukuba khona kwe-zirconium kuzonciphisa umphumela wokucoca okusanhlamvu kwe-titanium ne-boron. Ku-Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys, ngoba i-zirconium inomthelela omncane ngokucishwa kokuzwela kune-chromium kanye nemanganese, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa i-zirconium esikhundleni se-chromium ne-manganese ukuze icwengeke ngesakhiwo esiphindaphindwayo.
Izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile
Izinto zomhlaba ezingandile zengezwe kuma-aluminium alloys ukukhulisa i-supercooling ye-Aluminium Alloy, okusanhlamvu Kunganciphisa futhi ukungezwani okuncibilikayo kokuncibilika, kwandise ukusakaza kube ngama-ingots, okunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwenqubo. Kungcono ukwengeza imihlaba ehlukahlukene engavamile ngenani elingaba ngu-0.1%. Ukungezelelwa komhlaba okuhlangene (okuxubile i-LA-CE-PR-ND, njll.) Yehlisa izinga lokushisa elibucayi ekwakhekeni kwe-Agile g zone ku-Agile g I-Aluminium Alloys equkethe i-magnesium ingavusa i-metamorPhism yezinto zomhlaba ezingandile.
Ukungcola
I-Agadium yakha i-Val11 Refractional Compound e-Aluminium Alloys, edlala indima ekuconseni okusanhlamvu ngesikhathi senqubo encibilikayo neyokuphonsa, kepha indima yayo incane kunaleyo ye-titanium ne-zirconium. UVanadium futhi unomphumela wokucwengeka kwesakhiwo esakhiwe kabusha nokwandisa amazinga okushisa kabusha.
I-solubility eqinile ye-calcium e-aluminium alloys iphansi kakhulu, futhi yakha i-caal4 compound nge-aluminium. I-calcium yinto enhle kakhulu ye-aluminium alloys. I-aluminium alloy eno-5% calcium kanye ne-5% manganese ine-superlulamity. I-calcium kanye ne-silicon form i-Casi, okuyi-insoluble e-aluminium. Njengoba inani lesisombululo esiqinile se-silicon lincishisiwe, ukuqina kukagesi kwe-aluminium emsulwa yezimboni kungathuthukiswa kancane. I-calcium ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kokusika kwama-aluminium alloys. ICasi2 ayikwazi ukuqinisa ama-aluminium alloys ngokushisa kokushisa. Amanani we-Calcium asiza ekususeni i-hydrogen kusuka ku-aluminium ebiwe.
Ukuhola, i-tin, kanye nezakhi ze-bismuth kuyizinsimbi eziphansi zamaphuzu. Ukuzinikela kwabo okuqinile e-aluminium kuncane, okunciphisa kancane amandla we-alloy, kepha kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kokusika. I-Bismuth iyanda ngesikhathi sokuqina, okuzuzisa ukondla. Ukungeza i-Bismuth ku-High Magnesium Alloys kungavimbela ukufowa kwe-sodium.
I-antimony isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njenge-modifier kuma-aluminium alloys, futhi akuvamile ukusetshenziswa kuma-aluminium alloys. Faka esikhundleni se-bismuth kuphela ku-Aluminium Alloy eguqukayo ukuze uvikele ukufona kwe-sodium. Into ye-antimony ingezwa kuma-alloys athile we-al-zn-Mg-Cu ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinqubo zokucindezela ezishisayo nezinqubo ezibandayo zokucindezela.
I-Beryllium ingathuthukisa ukwakheka kwefilimu ye-oxide kuma-aluminium alloys futhi kunciphise ukulahleka okuvuthayo kanye nokuthambisa ngesikhathi sokuncibilika nokukhonkotha. I-Beryllium iyinto enobuthi engadala ubuthi bantu. Ngakho-ke, uBeryllium akakwazi ukuqukethwe kuma-aluminium alloys ahlangana nokudla neziphuzo. Okuqukethwe kwe-beryllium ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo kuvame ukulawulwa ngezansi kwe-8μ / ml. I-Aluminium Alloys esetshenziswa njengoba ama-substrates we-welding kufanele futhi alawule okuqukethwe kwe-beryllium.
I-sodium icishe i-infoluble e-aluminium, futhi i-solubility ephezulu kakhulu ingaphansi kuka-0.0025%. Iphoyinti elincibilikayo le-sodium liphansi (97.8 ℃), lapho i-sodium ikhona ku-alloy, i-adsorbed on the dendrite surface noma umngcele wokusanhlamvu ngesikhathi sokuqina, ngesikhathi sokuqina, okuholele ekuqhekekeni kwe-brittle, ukwakheka kwamakhompiyutha eNailsi, Ayikho i-sodium yamahhala ekhona, futhi ayikhiqizi "i-sodium brittle".
Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-magnesium kudlula i-2%, i-magnesium isusa i-silicon futhi iqonde i-sodium yamahhala, okuholela ku- "sodium brittleness". Ngakho-ke, i-Alloy Polightium Aluminium ephezulu ayivunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-sodium usawoti flux. Izindlela zokuvimbela i- "Sodium Enbrittlement" zifaka phakathi i-chlorination, ebangela i-sodium ukuthi yakha i-nacl futhi ikhishwe esigcawini, engeza i-bismuth ukwakha i-matrix yensimbi; Ukungeza adrimony ukuze kwakhiwe i-NA3SB noma ukwengeza umhlaba ongavamile nakho kungaba nomphumela ofanayo.
Kuhlelwe ngoMeyi Jiang kusuka ku-Mat Aluminium
Isikhathi sePosi: Aug-08-2024
