I-Aluminium Alloy ingeyakwe-Al-Alloyed Al-Alloyed al-Mg-Si Selichungechunge lokushisa lwe-aluminium alloy elapha. Inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokubumba amandla okubumba, ukumelana kahle kokugqwala kanye nezakhiwo eziphelele zemishini. Iphinde isetshenziswe kabanzi embonini yezimoto ngenxa yombala wayo olula oxidation. Ngokusheshisa komkhuba wezimoto ezingasindi, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokukhishwa kwe-Aluminium Alloy embonini yezimoto kuye kwanda kakhulu.
I-microssmcture nezakhiwo zezinto ezisetshenziswayo zithintwa yimiphumela ehlanganisiwe yesivinini sokukhishwa, izinga lokushisa le-Extrusion kanye nesilinganiso sokukhishwa. Phakathi kwazo, isilinganiso sokukhishwa kwesilinganiso sinqunywa ikakhulu yingcindezi yokukhishwa, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza. Lapho isilinganiso se-Extrusion sincane, i-alloy deformation incane futhi ukucolisiswa yi-microssmcure akubonakali; Ukwandisa isilinganiso sokukhishwa kwesilinganiso kungahlaziya kakhulu okusanhlamvu, hlukana nesigaba sesibili esinama-coarse, uthole umfaniswano we-miscructure, futhi uthuthukise izakhiwo zemishini ze-alloy.
I-6061 ne-6063 Aluminium Alloys ishintshana kabusha kabusha ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhishwa. Lapho izinga lokushisa le-extrusion lihlala lihlala likhona, njengoba isilinganiso sokukhishwa senyuka, usayizi wokusanhlamvu uyancipha, isigaba esiqinisiwe sihlakazeka kahle, namandla ashukumisayo kanye nokukhula kokunyuka kwe-alloy ngokufanele; Kodwa-ke, njengoba isilinganiso se-Extrusion sikhuphuka, amabutho okukhishwa adingekayo kwinqubo yokukhishwa futhi akhuphuke, adale umphumela omkhulu we-thermal, okwenza ukuthi izinga lokushisa langaphakathi likhuphuke, futhi ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwe-alloy kukhuphuke. Lesi sivivinyo sifundela umphumela wokuvunyelwa kokukhishwa, ikakhulukazi isilinganiso esikhulu sokukhishwa, ngokwesimo kanye nezimpahla zemishini ze-aluminium alloy.
1 izinto zokuhlola nezindlela
Izinto zokuhlola zingu-6063 Aluminium Alloy, futhi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kukhonjisiwe kuThebula 1. Usayizi wokuqala we-Ingot yi-Ingot ngu-165 mm, futhi kusetshenzwa kube yi-extresion enosayizi we-Φ 50 mm mm ngemuva kokufika kwe-homogenization Ukwelashwa ngo-560 ℃ ngo-6 h. I-billet ifudunyezwa ku-470 ℃ futhi yaqhubeka ifudumele. Ukushisa komndeni kokushisa kwe-extresion barrel kungu-420 ℃, futhi izinga lokushisa le-preheating of isikhunta lingu-450 ℃. Lapho ijubane lokukhishwa kwe-Extrusion (I-Extrusion DOD ehamba ngejubane) v = 5 mm / s ihlala ingashintshiwe, amaqembu ayi-5 ezivivinyo zezilinganiso ezahlukahlukene ezenziwayo, kanye nezilinganiso zokukhishwa kwe-RETIO R zingu-17 (ezihambelana ne-Die Hole Dimegeter D = 12 mm), 25 (D = 10 mm), 39 (D = 8 mm), 69 (D = 6 mm), no-156 (D = 4 mm).
Ithebula 1 Izingoma zamakhemikhali ezingama-6063 Al alloy (WT /%)
Ngemuva kwePhaphamende yokugaya kanye ne-mechanic polishing, amasampula we-metallographic afakwe nge-HF reagent enengxenye yevolumu yama-40% cishe ama-25 s, futhi isakhiwo se-metallographic sawo masampula sabonwa kwi-Leica-5000 skompscope. Isampula yokuhlaziya ukuthulula ngosayizi ongu-10 mm 10 10 mm asikiwe kusuka enkabeni yengxenye ye-longitudinal yenduku edluliselwe, futhi ukugaya okwenziwe ngomshini kanye no-etching kwenziwa ukuze kususwe isendlalelo sengcindezi. Izibalo eziphelele ze-pole zezindiza ezintathu zekristalu {111}, {200} yesampula alinganiswa yi-X'pert Profraction Analyrzer yenkampani yePanalytical Company, kanye nemininingwane yokuthungwa yacubungula futhi ihlaziywe Nge-X'Pert idatha yedatha ne-X'Pert ukuthungwa kwesoftware.
Isici se-Tensile se-alloy sathathwa sisuselwa enkabeni ye-Ingot, futhi isibonakaliso seTensile sasikwa eceleni kwesihloko sokukhishwa ngemuva kokukhishwa. Usayizi we-Gauge Area kwakungu-φ4 mm × 28 mm. Ukuhlolwa kwezikebhe kwenziwa kusetshenziswa umshini wokuhlola wezinto ezibonakalayo we-sans CMT5105 ngesilinganiso esisezingeni eliphakeme se-2 mm / min. Inani elijwayelekile lezinhlobo ezintathu ezijwayelekile zabalwa njengedatha yempahla yemishini. I-Fracture Morphology of the tenselaile specimens yaqashelwa kusetshenziswa ukuskena okuphansi okuphezulu kwe-elektroni microscope (Quanta 2000, Fei, USA).
Imiphumela emi-2 Nengxoxo
Umdwebo o-1 ukhombisa i-microscucture ye-metallographic ye-aluminium alloy ngaphambi nangemva kokulashwa kwe-homogenization. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 1A, okusanhlamvu kwe-α-al ku-As-As-Microsmcture kuyahlukahluka ngosayizi, inani elikhulu lezigaba ze-reticular β-al9fe2s2 zihlangana emingceleni yokusanhlamvu, futhi inani elikhulu le-granular MG2SI Ngemuva kokuthi i-INGOT ibikhishwe ngo-560 ℃ ngo-6 h, isigaba se-eutectic esingenayo phakathi kwama-allEl dendrites kancane kancane, izinto ze-alloy zidilizwa i-matrix, i-microskucation yayicishe ibe ngu-125 μm (isithombe esingu-1b ).
Ngaphambi kwe-homogenization
Ngemuva kokwelashwa okuvumelanayo ku-600 ° C.
I-Fig.1 Isakhiwo seMetallographic of 6063 Aluminium Alloy ngaphambi nangemva kokulashwa kwe-homogenization
Umdwebo 2 ukhombisa ukubukeka kwamabha we-aluminium alloy anezilinganiso ezihlukile zokukhishwa. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 2, ikhwalithi ephezulu ye-Aluminium Alloy imigoqo ekhishwe ngezilinganiso ezihlukile zokukhishwa, ikakhulukazi lapho isilinganiso se-Extrusion sikhuphuke safinyelela ku-156 (esihambelana ne-bar extresion Speet of 48 m / min), ayisatholakali Izici ze-Extrusion ezinjengokuqhekeka kanye nokukhonkotha ebusweni bebha, okukhombisa ukuthi i-aluminium alloy engu-6063 nayo ine-extrusion enhle eyakha ukusebenza kabusha ngaphansi kwesivinini esikhulu kanye nesilinganiso esikhulu sokukhishwa.
I-Fig.2 ukubukeka kwe-Aluminium Alloy Rods ngezilinganiso ezihlukile zokukhishwa
Umdwebo 3 ukhombisa i-microscucture ye-metallographic yengxenye ye-longitudinal ye-Aluminium Alloy Bar enezilinganiso ezihlukile zokukhishwa. Isakhiwo sokusanhlamvu se-bar esinezilinganiso ezihlukile zokukhishwa zikhombisa ama-degree ahlukene wokucoca noma ukucolisiswa. Lapho isilinganiso se-Extresion singu-17, okusanhlamvu kwasekuqaleni kuyakhuphuka eceleni kwendlela yokukhishwa, okuhambisana nokwakheka kwenani elincane lamatshe okusanhlamvu okuphindaphindwayo, kepha okusanhlamvu kusama-cormate, ngosayizi olinganiselwayo wokusanhlamvu okungama-85 μm (Umdwebo 3a) ; Lapho isilinganiso se-Extresion singama-25, okusanhlamvu kudonswa kancane, inani lama-rains abukeziwe akhuphuka, futhi ubukhulu bokusanhlamvu buncipha kuye cishe ngo-71 μm (Umdwebo 3b); Lapho isilinganiso se-Extrusion singama-39, ngaphandle kwenani elincane lama-deformed, i-microssm ngokuyisisekelo lakhiwa okusanhlamvu okubukeki kabusha okubukezwayo, ngosayizi wokusanhlamvu ophakathi kwaphezulu kwe-60 μm (Umdwebo 3c); Lapho isilinganiso se-Extrusion singama-69, inqubo eguquguqukayo ye-Dynamic iqediwe, okusanhlamvu kwangempela kuguqulwe ngokuphelele kube okusanhlamvu okuhleliwe okuhleliwe, futhi ubukhulu bokusanhlamvu obuhlanzekile buhlanjululwa mayelana ne-41 μm (Umdwebo 3D); Lapho isilinganiso se-Extrusion sineminyaka engu-156, ngenqubekela phambili ephelele yenqubo yokuphindaphinda yabasehlisa isithunzi, i-micross yunithi umfaniswano owengeziwe, futhi usayizi wokusanhlamvu ucwengile kakhulu kuma-32 μm (Umdwebo 3e). Ngokukhuphuka kwesilinganiso sokukhishwa kwe-Extrusion, inqubo eguquguqukayo eguquguqukayo iqhubeka ngokugcwele, i-alloy microy iba umfaniswano owengeziwe, futhi usayizi wokusanhlamvu ucwengile kakhulu (isithombe 3f).
I-Fig.3 Isakhiwo seMetallographic kanye nosayizi wokusanhlamvu weSigaba Eside se-Aluminium Alloy Rods ngezilinganiso ezihlukile zokukhishwa
Umdwebo 4 ukhombisa izibalo ezingqubuzanayo zama-Aluminium Alloy imigoqo enezilinganiso ezihlukile zokukhishwa endaweni ehlukile. Kungabonakala ukuthi ama-miscreer of alloy anama-ratio ehlukene e-extrusion wonke akhiqiza ukuma okubonakalayo okubonakalayo. Lapho isilinganiso sokukhishwa kwe-Extrusion singu-17, okubuthakathaka <115> + <100> ukuthungwa kuyakhiwa (Umdwebo 4a); Lapho isilinganiso se-Extrusion singama-39, izingxenye zokuthungwa ikakhulukazi ziyinto enamandla ye- <100> ukuthungwa kanye nenani elincane le-abuthakathaka <115> ukuthungwa (Umdwebo 4b); Lapho isilinganiso se-Extrusion singu-156, izingxenye zokuthungwa ziwukuthungwa okungu-100> ngokuqina okukhulu, ngenkathi i- <115> ukuthungwa inyamalala (Umdwebo we-4C). Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ama-cubic agxile ku-cubic izinsimbi ikakhulukazi akha i- <111> kanye ne- <100> yocingo lwentambo ngesikhathi sokukhishwa nokudweba. Lapho ukuthungwa kwakhiwa, izakhiwo zokushisa zasekamelweni zamazinga okushisa kwe-alloy show anisotropy ebonakalayo. Amandla okuthungwa akhuphuka ngokunyuka kwesilinganiso sokukhishwa, okukhombisa ukuthi inani lama-grains endaweni ethile ye-crystal ehambisana nendlela yokuqothula kancane inyuka kancane kancane, futhi amandla amade e-alloy akhuphuka kancane. Izinqubo zokuqinisa ze-Aluminium Alloy aclerion ezikhishekayo zifaka ukuqiniswa okuhle okusanhlamvu, ukuqiniswa kokubeletha, ukuqiniswa kwe-njll
I-Fig.4 Reverse pole Pole DIAGRAM ka-Aluminium Alloy Rods ngezilinganiso ezihlukile zokukhishwa eceleni kwendlela yokuqothula
Umdwebo 5 yi-histogram yezindawo ezishukumisayo ze-aluminium alloy ngemuva kwe-aluminium ngemuva kokuguqulwa ezindaweni ezihlukile zokukhishwa. Amandla ashubile e-alloy asakaza angu-170 MPA kanti ubuhlakani bungu-10.4%. Amandla ashubeni kanye nokubumbana kwe-alloy ngemuva kokuthuthuka kwenziwa ngcono, futhi amandla ashubile kanye nokukhula kancane kancane kwanda ngokunyuka kwesilinganiso sokukhishwa. Lapho isilinganiso se-Extrusion singu-156, amandla ashukumisayo kanye nokugcwala kwe-alloy kufinyelela inani eliphakeme, elingama-228 lpa kanye nama-26.9% aphezulu kunamandla aphezulu aphezulu we-alloy acishe abe ngu-158% ngaphezulu ukugcwala. Amandla ashubile angu-6063 Aluminium Alloy atholakala ngesilinganiso esikhulu sokukhishwa asondelene nenani lamandla ashubile (ama-MPA angama-240) atholwe ngesiteshi esilinganayo se-angular (eCAP), okuphakeme kakhulu kunenani lamandla asetshenzisiwe (171.1 MPA) Kutholwe ukukhishwa kwe-eChap okungu-1 kwe-Aluminium Alloy. Kungabonakala ukuthi isilinganiso esikhulu sokukhishwa kwemali singathuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini ze-alloy ngezinga elithile.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zemishini ze-alloy ngesilinganiso sokukhishwa ngokuningi kuqhamuka ekuqiniseni kokuhlaziywa kokusanhlamvu. Njengoba isilinganiso se-Extrusion sikhuphuka, okusanhlamvu kuhlanjululwa futhi ukuncipha kokungenisa kukhuphuka. Imingcele eminingi yokusanhlamvu ngeyunithi ngayinye ingavimba ngempumelelo ukunyakaza kwe-dislocations, kuhlanganiswe nokunyakaza okuhambisanayo kanye nokubanjwa kokungezelwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise amandla we-alloy. Amathoyizi ahle kakhulu, okuhlukumeza imingcele yokusanhlamvu, nokuguquguquka kwepulasitiki kungahlakazeka ngohlamvu oluningi, okungahambelani nokwakheka kwemifantu, kungasaphathwa eyokusakazeka kwemifantu. Amandla amaningi angadonswa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqhekeka, ngaleyo ndlela athuthukise iplastiki ye-alloy.
I-Fig.5 Izakhiwo ezi-Aluminium Alloy ezingama-6063 Aluminium ngemuva kokuphonsa nokukhishwa
I-tensile fracture morphology ye-alloy ngemuva kokushintshana ngezilinganiso ezihlukile ze-extrusion ziboniswa kuMfanekiso 6. , okukhombisa ukuthi inqubo yokuqhekeka yeTensile Fracture ye-As-Cast Alloy yayiyiphutha kakhulu. I-Fracture morphology ye-alloy ngemuva kokukhishwa isikejana, futhi ukwaphuka kwenziwa ngenani elikhulu lama-dimples alinganayo, okubonisa ukuthi inqubo yokuqhekeka ye-alloy ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-brictile. Lapho isilinganiso se-Extresion sincane, ama-dimples angajulile futhi usayizi o-dimple mkhulu, futhi ukusatshalaliswa akulingani; Njengoba isilinganiso se-Extrusion sikhuphuka, inani lama-dimples liyakhuphuka, usayizi o-dimple mncane futhi ukusatshalaliswa kufana (isithombe 6b ~ f), okusho ukuthi i-alloy ine-plastiki yepulasitiki engenhla.
3 Isiphetho
Kulesi sivivinyo, imiphumela yezilinganiso ezihlukile ze-extrusion nge-aluminium alloy yahlaziywa ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi usayizi we-billet, izinga lokushisa lokushisa le-Ingot lihlala lingashintshiwe. Iziphetho zinjengokulandelayo:
1) Ukuvuselelwa kabusha okunamandla kwenzeka ku-Aluminium Alloy ngesikhathi sokukhishwa okushisayo. Ngokukhuphuka kwesilinganiso sokukhishwa kwesilinganiso, okusanhlamvu kuhlanjululwa ngokuqhubekayo, futhi okusanhlamvu okugcwele eceleni kwendlela yokuqothula kuguqulwa kube okusanhlamvu okuphindaphindwayo, namandla okuthungwa kwe- <100> wire kuqhubeke.
2) Ngenxa yomphumela wokuqiniswa okusanhlamvu okuhle, izakhiwo zemishini ze-alloy zithuthukiswa ngokwanda kwesilinganiso sokukhishwa. Ngaphakathi kwebanga lamapharamitha wokuhlola, lapho isilinganiso se-Extresion singu-156, amandla ashubile kanye nokugcwala kwe-alloy kufinyelela amanani aphezulu angama-228 MPA no-26,9%, ngokulandelana.
Fig.6 Tensile Fracture Morphologies ka-6063 Aluminium Alloy ngemuva kokuphonsa nokukhishwa
3) I-fracture morphology ye-as-cast specemen yakhiwa ngezindawo ezifuywayo kanye nemiphetho. Ngemuva kokukhishwa, ukuqhekeka kwakhiwa ngenani elikhulu lama-dimples afakiwe, futhi i-Fracture Mechanism iguqulwa kusuka ekuqhekekeni kwe-brittle kokuqhekeka kwe-ructile.
Isikhathi Seposi: Nov-30-2024
