Ngesikhathi sokuphathwa kokushisa kwe-aluminium ne-aluminium alloys, izingqinamba ezahlukahlukene zivame ukuhlangana, njenge:
I--Improper Ingxenye Ukubekwa: Lokhu kungaholela ekuguqukeni kwengxenye, imvamisa kungenxa yokususwa kokushisa okunganele ngokususwa okuphakathi nendawo okususwayo ngesilinganiso esisheshayo sokuthola izilinganiso ezifunwayo.
Ukushisa -Rapid: Lokhu kungaholela ekuguqukeni okushisayo; Ukubekwa okuyingxenye efanele kusiza ukuqinisekisa ngisho nokushisa.
-Ukubeka kahle: Lokhu kungaholela ekuncibilikeni okuyingxenye noma okuthe xaxa.
-Surface Calling / Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme.
Ukwelashwa okugugile noma okunganele okunganele, zombili ezingaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezindawo zemishini.
-Izindawo zokushisa / zokushisa / zokushisa / amapharamitha angadala ukuphambuka ezindaweni ezisebenza ngomshini kanye / noma ngokomzimba phakathi kwezingxenye namabhethri.
-Ukufana kokushisa okungafanele, isikhathi sokushisa esingesihle, isikhathi esinganele sokufaka, nokupholisa okunganele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa kwesixazululo konke kungasiza emiphumeleni enganele.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kuyinqubo ebalulekile ye-thermal embonini ye-aluminium, ake sinikezele olwazini oluhlobene kakhulu.
1.Pre-Phakasha
Izinqubo zangaphambi kokwelashwa ezithuthukisa ukwakheka futhi zinciphise ukucindezelwa ngaphambi kokuqeda ukuqeda ukunciphisa ukuhlanekezela. Ngokuvamile ukwelashwa kuhilela izinqubo ezinjengezinqubo ezinjenge-anvelioning anvealing and string suel Realing, futhi abanye bamukele ukujuluka nokwelashwa noma okujwayelekile.
Ukuphuma kwengcindezelo: Ngesikhathi semishini, izingcindezi eziyinsalela zingakhula ngenxa yezinto ezifana nezindlela zemishini, ukuzibandakanya kwamathuluzi, kanye nesivinini sokusika. Ukusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwalezi zingcindezi kungaholela ekuhlanekezelweni ngesikhathi sokucima. Ukunciphisa le miphumela, ukukhishwa kwengcindezi ngaphambi kokuqala ukujula kuyadingeka. Izinga lokushisa lokucindezela kwengcindezi lingu-500-700 ° C. Lapho ukufudumeza okuphakathi komoya, amazinga okushisa angama-500-550 ° C anesikhathi sokubamba amahora ama-2-3 asetshenziselwa ukuvikela i-oxidation kanye ne-decorralization. Ingxenye yokuhlanekezela ngenxa yokuzihlalisa kufanele ibhekwe ngesikhathi sokulayisha, nezinye izinqubo zifana nokuvezwa okujwayelekile.
Ukwelashwa Preheat kokuthuthuka kwesakhiwo: Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Shrowiditizetized Annealing, ukucimana nokufutheka, okujwayelekile ukwelashwa.
-SpringIating annealing: Kubalulekile kwinsimbi ye-carbon yethuluzi kanye nensimbi ye-alloy yensimbi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okushisa, isakhiwo esitholwe ngemuva kokudutshulwa kwe-annealing okuthinta kakhulu ukuhlukunyezwa. Ngokushintsha isakhiwo se-post-anlung, umuntu anganciphisa ukuhlanekezela njalo ngesikhathi sokucima.
-Izindlela zangaphambi kokwelashwa: Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zingaqashwa ukuze zinciphise ukuhlanekezela ukuhlanekezela, njengokucimana nokugunda, okujwayelekile ukwelashwa. Ukukhetha ukwelashwa okufanele okufana nokwelashwa okufana nokugunda nokugunda, okujwayelekile ukwelashwa okususelwa kwimbangela yokuhlanekezela nokuqukethwe kwengxenye kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuhlanekezela. Kodwa-ke, ukuqaphela kuyadingeka ekucindezelekeni okusele nobulukhuni kukhuphuka ngemuva kokuguga, ikakhulukazi ukwelashwa okuqediwe nomoya kunganciphisa ukwanda kwensimbi okuqukethe i-W no-MN, kepha kunomthelela onciphisayo we-GCR15.
Ekukhiqizeni okusebenzayo, ukukhomba imbangela yokucima ukuhlanekezela, noma ngabe kungenxa yokuxineka okusele noma isakhiwo esingezinhle, kubalulekile ekwelashweni okusebenzayo. Kufanele kwenziwe ukuguqulwa kwengcindezi ukuze kuhlanekezelwe ukudalulwa okubangelwa izingcindezi eziyinsalela, ngenkathi ukwelashwa njengokulangazelela okuguqula isakhiwo akudingekile, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho inhloso yokunciphisa ukuhlanekezela kokuqeda ukuqeda itholwe ngezindleko eziphansi futhi iqinisekise ikhwalithi.
2.Ququla umsebenzi wokushisa
Qeda lokushisa: Izinga lokushisa elicijile lithinta kakhulu ukuhlanekezela. Singakwazi ukufeza inhloso yokwehlisa ukonakala ngokulungisa izinga lokushisa elicijile, noma isibonelelo semishini esigciniwe siyefana nokushisa okuqediwe ukunciphisa inhloso yokunciphisa ama-deformation, noma kukhethwe izilinganiso zokwelashwa ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokushisa , ukuze kunciphise isibonelelo semishini elandelayo. Umphumela wokushisa lokushisa ngokucishwa kokuguqulwa kokuguqulwa akuhlobene nje nokuqukethwe okusetshenziswe endaweni yokusebenza, kodwa futhi kuhlobene nosayizi kanye nokwakheka kwalesi simo sendawo yokusebenza. Lapho ukwakheka nosayizi we-workpiece kuhluke kakhulu, yize okuqukethwe kwe-workpiece kuyafana, umkhuba wokucima ukoma uhlukile kakhulu, futhi opharetha kufanele anake lesi simo ekukhiqizweni kwangempela.
Ukucima isikhathi sokubamba: Ukukhethwa kwesikhathi sokubamba akugcini ngokuqinisekisa ukufudumeza ngokuphelele nokufinyelela kubulukhuni noma izakhiwo zemishini ngemuva kokucimana kodwa futhi kubhekisisa umphumela wayo ukuze kuhlanekezelwe. Ukunwebeka isikhathi sokuhlanza okuqediwe empeleni kukhulisa izinga lokushisa elicijile, ikakhulukazi elibizelwe i-carbon ephezulu ne-chromium ephezulu.
Iyalayisha izindlela: Uma umsebenzi wokusebenza ufakwa kwifomu elingenangqondo ngesikhathi sokushisa, kuzodala ukuthi isimo sezezimali ngenxa yesisindo sokwenza umsebenzi noma ukonakala ngenxa yokushisa okungalingani phakathi kokushisa ngokweqile kwezindawo zokusebenza.
Indlela yokushisa: Ngokwezinto ezibunjiwe ezibunjiwe futhi ezahlukahlukene futhi ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinamakhabhoni aphezulu kanye nezakhi ze-alloy, inqubo yokushisa ehamba kancane futhi efanayo ibalulekile. Ukusebenzisa i-preheating kudingekile kaningi, kwesinye isikhathi kudinga imijikelezo eminingana yokuqala. Kwezisebenzi ezikhudlwana ezingeke ziphathwe ngempumelelo ngokuhamba phambili, kusetshenziswa isithando sokumelana kwebhokisi ngokushisa okulawulwayo kunganciphisa ukuhlanekezela okubangelwa ukufudumeza okusheshayo.
3. Ukusebenza Kokupholisa
Ukucima ukuguquguquka ngokuyinhloko kubangelwa yinqubo yokupholisa. Ukuqothuka okuphakathi okususiwe okuphakathi, ukusebenza ngekhono, kanye nesinyathelo ngasinye senqubo epholile ngokuqondile kuthonya ukuqeda ukonakala.
Ukucima ukukhethwa okuphakathi: Ngenkathi kuqinisekisa ukuqina okudingayo-ukujuluka kabusha, imidiya edubulile kufanele ikhethe ukunciphisa ukuhlanekezela. Kusetshenziswa izindlela zokugeza ezifudumele zokupholisa (ukwenza lula ukuqondisa ngenkathi ingxenye isashisa) noma kunconywa umoya wokupholisa umoya. Ama-Medium anamanani wokupholisa phakathi kwamanzi namafutha angabuyisela esikhundleni sama-ntamba ama-mater-oyela.
-Ampheli-ukupholisa ukujulisa: Ukuqedwa komoya okupholile kuyasebenza ngokunciphisa ukwehla okucijile kwensimbi enesivinini esiphakeme, i-chromium mold yensimbi kanye nensimbi epholile yomoya. Ngensimbi ye-3cr2w8V engadingi ubulukhuni obuphezulu ngemuva kokucimasha, ukujula komoya kungasetshenziswa futhi ukunciphisa ukonakala ngokulungisa kahle izinga lokushisa elicijile.
-Oilling ukupholisa nokucisha: uwoyela uyisilinganiso esinqunyiwe esinezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokupholisa kunamanzi, kepha kwalezo zinto zokusebenza ezinobunzima obukhulu, usayizi omncane, ukwakheka okukhulu, izinga lokupholisa uwoyela liphezulu kakhulu, kepha libenzile ngosayizi omncane kodwa abampofu Ukuqina, izinga lokupholisa uwoyela alanele. Ukuze uxazulule ukungqubuzana okungenhla futhi usebenzise ngokugcwele uwoyela ukujuluka ukuze unciphise ukuguquguquka kokuguqulwa kwezindawo zokusebenza, abantu batholile izindlela zokushintsha izinga lokushisa likawoyela kanye nokwanda okucelayo okushisa ukuze kukhulise ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha.
-Khetha izinga lokushisa lamafutha aqedelayo: Kusetshenziswa izinga lokushisa lamafutha afanayo ngokucima ukunciphisa izimo zodoti okuqeda lisasenezinkinga ezilandelayo, okungukuthi, lapho izinga lokushisa likawoyela lisezingeni eliphansi, futhi lapho izinga lokushisa lamafutha liphezulu, kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi wokusebenza ngemuva kokucima ubulukhuni. Ngaphansi komphumela ohlanganisiwe wokwakheka nokuqukethwe kwezindawo zokusebenza, okwandisa izinga lokushisa lamafutha okucisha uwoyela kungakhulisa nokuguquguquka kwalo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthola amazinga okushisa kawoyela wamafutha agulayo ngemuva kokudlula esivivinyweni ngokuya ngezimo zangempela zezinto zokwenza izinto zomsebenzi, usayizi wesigaba sesigaba nesimo.
Lapho usebenzisa uwoyela oshisayo wokujula, ukuze ugweme umlilo okubangelwa izinga lokushisa lamafutha aphezulu okubangelwa ukuqeda nokupholisa, kudingeka imishini yokulwa nomlilo kufanele ifakwe eduze kwethangi lamafutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkomba yekhwalithi yokusungula uwoyela kufanele ihlolwe njalo, futhi uwoyela omusha kufanele ugcwaliselwe noma ungene esikhundleni ngesikhathi.
-Kuxuba lokushisa elicishiwe: Le ndlela ilungele ukusebenza kwama-carbon stoc yensimbi engxenyeni emincane kanye nemisebenzi yensimbi ekhudlwana engakwazi ukubhekana nezidingo zobulukhuni ngemuva kokushisa nokulondolozwa kokushisa kumazinga okushisa ajwayelekile ajwayelekile. Ngokukhulisa ngokufanele izinga lokushisa elicijile bese ugunda uwoyela, umphumela wokuqina nokwehlisa ukonakala kungatholakala. Lapho usebenzisa le ndlela ukuqeda, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuvikela izinkinga ezinjengokuhlanza okusanhlamvu, ukuncishiswa kwezindawo zemishini kanye nempilo yenkonzo ye-workpiepe ngenxa yokushisa okuqhubekayo.
-Chassification and Aucempering: Lapho ubulukhuni obuqine buhlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama, ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokufakwa kwe-austompeling of the hot bate medium kumele kusetshenziswe ngokuphelele ukufeza inhloso yokunciphisa i-deforming deformation. Le ndlela isebenza futhi ngokuqinile okunamanzi aphansi, insimbi encane ye-carbon ehlelekile nensimbi yamathuluzi, ikakhulukazi i-chromium-equkethe insimbi yokufa kanye ne-speed-speent arvices enezinhlamvu zensimbi eziphakeme. Ukuhlukaniswa kokugeza okushisayo okuphakathi nendawo okupholile kwe-Audempering yizindlela eziyisisekelo ezicijisayo zalolu hlobo lwensimbi. Ngokufanayo, kuyasebenza futhi kulawo ma-carbon stekethi kanye nama-all-alloy ensimbi asadingi ubulukhuni obuphezulu obuphezulu.
Lapho ugunda ngokugeza okushisayo, izindaba ezilandelayo kufanele zinake:
Okokuqala, lapho ukugeza uwoyela kusetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwama-grading kanye noTothermal junncing, izinga lokushisa lamafutha kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile ukuvikela ukuvela komlilo.
Okwesibili, lapho ucima amamaki kasawoti we-nitrate, ithangi likasawoti le-nitrate kufanele lifakwe amathuluzi adingekayo namadivayisi wokupholisa amanzi. Kwezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha, sicela ubheke imininingwane efanele, futhi ngeke uyiphinde lapha.
Okwesithathu, izinga lokushisa le-isother Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme noma eliphansi alikufanele ukunciphisa ukonakala okuqediwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuhlanya, indlela yokulengisa ye-workpiece kufanele ikhethwe ukuvikela ukonakala okubangelwa isisindo sokwenza umsebenzi.
Okwesine, lapho usebenzisa i-ISORTERMALIS noma i-Bradged eqeda ukulungisa ukwakheka kwesimo somsebenzi ngenkathi kushisa, ukuthobela nokulungiswa kufanele kufakwe ngokugcwele, futhi isenzo kufanele sisheshe ngokusebenza. Vikela imiphumela emibi kwikhwalithi ecijile ye-Workiepe.
Ukusebenza Kokupholisa: Ukusebenza kwamakhono ngesikhathi senqubo yokupholisa kunomthelela omkhulu ekuqedeni kokuguquguquka okuqediwe, ikakhulukazi lapho kusetshenziswa amanzi noma uwoyela ocijisayo.
-Iqonde ukuqondiswa kokucishwa okuphakathi nendawo: Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza okulinganiselayo noma okulinganiselayo okulinganiselayo noma okufana nalokhu kufanele kuqedwe ngokuqondile ku-medium. Izingxenye ze-asymmetric zingacishwa nge-angle. Ukuqondisa okulungile kuhlose ukuqinisekisa ukupholisa okufanayo kuzo zonke izingxenye, ezindaweni ezipholile ezipholile ezingena ku-Medium Okokuqala, kulandelwa yizingxenye zokupholisa ngokushesha. Ukucatshangelwa kwesimo somsebenzi kanye nethonya laso kwijubane lokupholisa kubalulekile ekusebenzeni.
-Kumenyezelwe kwemisebenzi yokusebenza ngokuqedwa okuphakathi: Izingxenye zokupholisa kancane kufanele zibhekane nemikhawulo ecijile. Izisebenzi zokusebenza ezibunjiwe ngendlela efanele kufanele zilandele indlela enokulinganisela futhi enomfaniswano endaweni ephakathi nendawo, ukugcina ama-amplitude amancane nokunyakaza okusheshayo. Okwezindawo ezicijile futhi eziphakeme, ukuqina ngesikhathi sokujuluka kubalulekile. Gwema ukuswayipha nokubheka ukusebenzisa ama-clamp esikhundleni sokubopha ngocingo ukuze kulawulwe kangcono.
-Speed of junching: Izisebenzi zokusebenza kufanele zicinywe ngokushesha. Ikakhulu yemisebenzi emincane, enobunzima obufana ne-reading, ijubane elincane elinqunu kungaholela ekukhuphukeni kwe-defformation kanye nokwehlukahlukana kokushintshana phakathi kwezigaba ezicijile ngezikhathi ezihlukile.
Ukupholisa okuphelele: Ngemisebenzi yokusebenza ngomehluko obalulekile kusayizi wesigaba sesigaba, vikela izingxenye ezipholile ezipholile ngezinto zokwakha ezinjengezintambo ze-asbestos noma amashidi wensimbi ukunciphisa izinga lokupholisa futhi afinyelele ukupholisa kwawo.
-Isikhathi sokufaka amanzi emanzini: Ngemisebenzi yokusebenza ikakhulukazi ebhekana nokuguqulwa ngenxa yokuxinzeka kwesakhiwo, nciphisa isikhathi sayo sokupholisa emanzini. Kwemisebenzi yokusebenza ngokuyinhloko ebhekene ne-deformation ngenxa yokuxineka okushisayo, yandisa isikhathi sayo sokupholisa emanzini ukunciphisa ukucima ukonakala.
Kuhlelwe ngoMeyi Jiang kusuka ku-Mat Aluminium
Isikhathi Seposi: Feb-21-2024
