Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-aluminium ne-aluminium alloys, izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zivame ukuhlangana nazo, njenge:
-Ukubekwa kwengxenye okungafanele: Lokhu kungaholela ekushintshashintsheni kwengxenye, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokukhishwa okunganele kokushisa ngendawo yokucisha ngenani elisheshayo elanele ukuze kuzuzwe izici zomshini ezifunwayo.
-Ukushisisa okusheshayo: Lokhu kungabangela ukuguquguquka okushisayo; ukubekwa kwengxenye efanele kusiza ukuqinisekisa ngisho nokushisisa.
-Ukushisa ngokweqile: Lokhu kungaholela ekuncibilikeni kwengxenye noma ekuncibilikeni kwe-eutectic.
-Ukukala komhlaba/ukushisa okuphezulu kwe-oxidation.
-Ukwelashwa kokuguga ngokweqile noma okunganele, kokubili okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezakhiwo zemishini.
-Ukushintshashintsha kwesikhathi/izinga lokushisa/amapharamitha wokucisha angabangela ukuchezuka kumishini kanye/noma izakhiwo ezibonakalayo phakathi kwezingxenye namaqoqo.
-Ukwengeza, ukufana okungekuhle kwezinga lokushisa, isikhathi esinganele sokufakelwa, kanye nokungapholi ngokwanele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa kwesisombululo konke kungaba nomthelela emiphumeleni enganele.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kuyinqubo ebalulekile yokushisa embonini ye-aluminium, ake sihlole ulwazi oluhlobene kakhulu.
1.Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili
Izinqubo zokwelashwa kwangaphambili ezithuthukisa isakhiwo futhi zidambise ukucindezeleka ngaphambi kokucisha zizuzisa ekunciphiseni ukuhlanekezela. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi ngokuvamile kuhilela izinqubo ezifana ne-spheroidizing annealing kanye ne-stress annealing, kanti okunye futhi kusebenzisa ukwelashwa kokucisha kanye nokuthambisa noma ukujwayeza ukwelashwa.
I-Stress Relief Annealing: Ngesikhathi somshini, ukucindezelwa okuyinsalela kungakhula ngenxa yezinto ezifana nezindlela zokuwenza, ukusebenzisana kwamathuluzi, kanye nesivinini sokusika. Ukusatshalaliswa okulinganayo kwalezi zingcindezi kungaholela ekuhlanekeni ngesikhathi sokucisha. Ukuze unciphise le miphumela, ukukhishwa kwe-stress annealing ngaphambi kokucisha kuyadingeka. Izinga lokushisa lokunciphisa ingcindezi ngokuvamile lingama-500-700°C. Lapho kushisa endaweni yomoya, izinga lokushisa elingu-500-550 ° C elinesikhathi sokubamba amahora angu-2-3 lisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela i-oxidation kanye ne-decarburization. Ukuhlanekezelwa kwengxenye ngenxa yesisindo somuntu siqu kufanele kucatshangelwe ngesikhathi sokulayisha, futhi ezinye izinqubo zifana nokukhishwa kwe-anneal evamile.
Ukwelashwa Kokushisa Okushisayo Kokuthuthukiswa Kwesakhiwo: Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-spheroidizing annealing, quenching and tempering, normalizing treatment.
-Spheroidizing Annealing: Ibalulekile ensimbi yensimbi ye-carbon Tool kanye ne-alloy tool ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa, isakhiwo esitholwe ngemva kwe-spheroidizing annealing sithinta kakhulu inkambiso yokuhlanekezela ngesikhathi sokucisha. Ngokulungisa isakhiwo se-post-annealing, umuntu anganciphisa ukuhlanekezela okuvamile ngesikhathi sokucisha.
-Ezinye Izindlela Zokwelapha Ngaphambili: Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukuhlanekezela okucishayo, njengokucisha kanye nokushisa, ukwelashwa okujwayelekile. Ukukhetha ukwelapha kwangaphambili okufanelekile njengokucisha nokushisa, ukwelashwa okujwayelekile okusekelwe kumbangela yokuhlanekezela kanye nempahla yengxenye kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuhlanekezela. Kodwa-ke, ukuqapha kuyadingeka ukuze kube nokucindezeleka okuyinsalela kanye nokuqina kokuqina ngemva kokushisa, ikakhulukazi ukwelashwa kokucisha nokushisa kunganciphisa ukunwetshwa ngesikhathi sokucisha izinsimbi eziqukethe i-W ne-Mn, kodwa kunomphumela omncane ekwehliseni ukuwohloka kwezinsimbi ezifana ne-GCr15.
Emkhiqizweni ongokoqobo, ukuhlonza imbangela yokuqeda ukuhlanekezela, noma ngabe kungenxa yengcindezi eyinsalela noma ukwakheka okubi, kubalulekile ekwelapheni okusebenzayo. Ukunciphisa ingcindezi kufanele kuqhutshwe ukuhlanekezela okubangelwa ukucindezeleka okusalayo, kuyilapho ukwelapha okufana nokushisa okushintsha isakhiwo akudingekile, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Kulapho kuphela lapho umgomo wokunciphisa ukuhlanekezelwa kokucisha ungafinyelelwa ukuze unciphise izindleko nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi.
2.Ukucisha Ukusebenza Kokushisa
I-Quenching Temperature: Izinga lokushisa lokucisha lithinta kakhulu ukuhlanekezela. Singakwazi ukufeza inhloso yokunciphisa ukuguquguquka ngokulungisa izinga lokushisa lokucisha, noma isibonelelo somshini esigodliwe sifana nezinga lokushisa lokucisha ukuze sifinyelele inhloso yokunciphisa ukuwohloka, noma okukhethwe ngokunengqondo futhi kugodliwe imvume yomshini kanye nezinga lokushisa lokucisha ngemva kokuhlolwa kokwelashwa kokushisa. , ukuze kuncishiswe isibonelelo somshini esilandelayo. Umphumela wokucisha izinga lokushisa ekucimeni ukuguqulwa awuhlobene nje nezinto ezisetshenziswa ku-workpiece, kodwa futhi uhlobene nobukhulu nokuma kwe-workpiece. Lapho ukwakheka kanye nosayizi we-workpiece kuhluke kakhulu, nakuba izinto ze-workpiece zifana, umkhuba wokuqeda ukuguqulwa uhluke kakhulu, futhi opharetha kufanele anake lesi simo ekukhiqizeni kwangempela.
Ukuqeda Isikhathi Sokubamba: Ukukhethwa kwesikhathi sokubamba akuqinisekisi nje kuphela ukushisisa okuphelele kanye nokuzuza ubulukhuni obufunwayo noma izakhiwo zokukhanda ngemva kokucisha kodwa futhi kucubungula umphumela wako ekuhlanekeni. Ukwelula isikhathi sokubamba sokucisha kukhulisa izinga lokushisa lokucisha, ikakhulukazi elishiwo ngekhabhoni ephezulu nensimbi ye-chromium ephezulu.
Ilayisha Izindlela: Uma i-workpiece ibekwe ngendlela engenangqondo ngesikhathi sokushisa, izobangela ukuguquguquka ngenxa yesisindo se-workpiece noma ukuguquguquka ngenxa yokubambisana phakathi kwezinto zokusebenza, noma ukuguqulwa ngenxa yokushisa okungalingani kanye nokupholisa ngenxa yokupakisha ngokweqile kwezinto zokusebenza.
Indlela Yokushisisa: Ezindaweni zokusebenza ezinomumo oyinkimbinkimbi nogqinsi oluhlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi lawo anezakhi zekhabhoni ephezulu kanye nengxubevange, inqubo yokushisisa ehamba kancane nefanayo ibalulekile. Ukusebenzisa ukushisa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuvame ukudingekile, ngezinye izikhathi kudinga imijikelezo eminingi yokushisa. Ezindaweni zokusebenza ezinkulu ezingaphathwanga kahle ngokushisa, ukusebenzisa isithando somlilo esingamelana nebhokisi esinokushisisa okulawulwayo kunganciphisa ukuhlanekezela okubangelwa ukufudumeza ngokushesha.
3. Ukupholisa Ukusebenza
Ukucisha i-deformation ngokuyinhloko kubangelwa inqubo yokupholisa. Ukukhetha okuphakathi kokucisha okufanele, ukusebenza okunekhono, kanye nesinyathelo ngasinye senqubo yokupholisa kuthonya ngokuqondile ukucisha ukwakheka.
Ukucisha Ukukhetha Okumaphakathi: Ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ubulukhuni obufunekayo ngemva kokucinywa, imidiya yokucisha okuthambile kufanele kunconywe ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlanekezela. Ukusebenzisa izinto zokugeza ezishisayo ukupholisa (ukwenza lula ukuqondisa ngenkathi ingxenye isashisa) noma ngisho nokupholisa umoya kuyanconywa. Izinto ezimaphakathi ezinezilinganiso zokupholisa phakathi kwamanzi namafutha zingangena esikhundleni sezinto ezimbaxambili zikawoyela wamanzi.
- Ukupholisa umoya: Ukucisha ukupholisa komoya kusebenza ngempumelelo ekwehliseni ukuwohloka kokucisha kwensimbi enesivinini esikhulu, insimbi yokubumba i-chromium kanye nensimbi epholisa umoya encane. Ngensimbi ye-3Cr2W8V engadingi ubulukhuni obuphezulu ngemva kokucisha, ukucisha umoya kungasetshenziswa futhi ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka ngokulungisa kahle izinga lokushisa lokucisha.
- Ukupholisa amafutha kanye nokucisha: uwoyela uyindlela yokucisha enezinga lokupholisa eliphansi kakhulu kunamanzi, kodwa kulawo ma-workpiece anokuqina okuphezulu, usayizi omncane, ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuthambekela okukhulu kwe-deformation, izinga lokupholisa lamafutha liphezulu kakhulu, kodwa kuma-workpieces anosayizi omncane kodwa ampofu. ukuqina, izinga lokupholisa lamafutha alanele. Ukuze kuxazululwe lokhu kuphikisana okungenhla futhi kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele ukucisha uwoyela ukuze kuncishiswe ukucisha ukwakheka kwezinto zokusebenza, abantu basebenzise izindlela zokulungisa izinga lokushisa likawoyela nokwandisa izinga lokushisa lokucisha ukuze bandise ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela.
— Ukushintsha izinga lokushisa lamafutha okucisha: Ukusebenzisa izinga lokushisa elifanayo likawoyela ukuze ucime ukuze kuncishiswe i-deformation yokucisha kusenezinkinga ezilandelayo, okungukuthi, lapho izinga lokushisa likawoyela liphansi, i-deformation yokucisha isenkulu, futhi lapho izinga lokushisa likawoyela liphezulu, kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthi workpiece ngemva kokucisha ubulukhuni. Ngaphansi komphumela ohlangene womumo kanye nempahla yamanye ama-workpieces, ukwandisa izinga lokushisa likawoyela wokucisha kungase futhi kwandise ukuguquguquka kwawo. Ngakho-ke, kudingekile kakhulu ukunquma izinga lokushisa lamafutha lamafutha okucisha ngemva kokudlula isivivinyo ngokwezimo zangempela zezinto zokusebenza, usayizi we-cross-sectional kanye nokuma.
Uma usebenzisa amafutha ashisayo ukuze ucime, ukuze ugweme umlilo obangelwa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likawoyela elibangelwa ukucisha nokupholisa, izinto ezidingekayo zokucisha umlilo kufanele zifakwe eduze kwethangi lamafutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkomba yekhwalithi yamafutha okucisha kufanele ihlolwe njalo, futhi amafutha amasha kufanele agcwaliswe noma ashintshwe ngesikhathi.
- Khulisa izinga lokushisa lokucima: Le ndlela ifanele izinto zokusebenza zensimbi ye-carbon steel encane ye-cross-section kanye nezinsimbi zokusebenza ze-alloy ezinkudlwana ezingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuqina ngemva kokushisa nokugcinwa kokushisa emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile okucisha kanye nokucisha uwoyela. Ngokwandisa ngokufanelekile izinga lokushisa lokucisha bese kucinywa uwoyela, umphumela wokuqina nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka ungafinyelelwa. Uma usebenzisa le ndlela ukuze ucime, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuvimbela izinkinga ezifana nokubhoboza okusanhlamvu, ukunciphisa izakhiwo zemishini kanye nempilo yesevisi ye-workpiece ngenxa yokwanda kwezinga lokushisa lokucisha.
- Ukuhlukaniswa nokuqina: Lapho ubulukhuni bokucisha bungahlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama, ukuhlukaniswa nokunciphisa indawo yokugeza okushisayo kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokunciphisa ukuguqulwa kokucima. Le ndlela iphinde isebenze ekuqineni kancane, insimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni yesigaba esincane kanye nensimbi yamathuluzi, ikakhulukazi insimbi efile equkethe i-chromium nezinsimbi zokusebenza ezinesivinini esikhulu ezinokuqina okuphezulu. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-hot bath medium kanye nendlela yokupholisa ye-austempering yizindlela eziyisisekelo zokucisha zalolu hlobo lwensimbi. Ngokufanayo, iyasebenza futhi kulawo ma-carbon steels nezinsimbi zesakhiwo esine-alloy ephansi ezingadingi ubulukhuni bokucisha okuphezulu.
Lapho ucisha ngokugeza okushisayo, lezi zindaba ezilandelayo kufanele zinakwe:
Okokuqala, lapho ukugeza kwamafutha kusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa kanye nokucisha i-isothermal, izinga lokushisa likawoyela kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwenzeka komlilo.
Okwesibili, lapho ucisha amamaki kasawoti e-nitrate, ithangi likasawoti le-nitrate kufanele lifakwe amathuluzi adingekayo kanye namadivayisi okupholisa amanzi. Ukuze uthole ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha, sicela ubhekisele olwazini olufanele, futhi ngeke uziphinde lapha.
Okwesithathu, izinga lokushisa le-isothermal kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile ngesikhathi sokucisha i-isothermal. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma eliphansi alihambisani nokunciphisa ukuwohloka kokucisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi se-austempering, indlela yokulenga ye-workpiece kufanele ikhethwe ukuvimbela ukuguquguquka okubangelwa isisindo se-workpiece.
Okwesine, lapho usebenzisa ukucima kwe-isothermal noma okuhleliwe ukuze ulungise umumo wocwecwe lokusebenza ngenkathi kushisa, okokusebenza kanye nezakhiwo kufanele kuhlonyiswe ngokugcwele, futhi isenzo kufanele sisheshe ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Vimbela imiphumela emibi kwikhwalithi yokucisha ye-workpiece.
Ukupholisa Ukusebenza: Ukusebenza okunekhono ngesikhathi senqubo yokupholisa kunomthelela omkhulu ekucimeni ukuguqulwa, ikakhulukazi lapho kusetshenziswa amanzi noma izinsiza zokucisha uwoyela.
-Isiqondiso Esilungile Sokuqeda Ukungena Okuphakathi: Ngokuvamile, ama-workpieces afana nenduku emide kufanele acishwe aqonde phakathi nendawo. Izingxenye ze-asymmetric zingacinywa nge-engeli. Indlela efanele ihlose ukuqinisekisa ukupholisa okufanayo kuzo zonke izingxenye, nezindawo zokupholisa ezihamba kancane ezingena endaweni ephakathi kuqala, kulandele izigaba zokupholisa ngokushesha. Ukucatshangelwa kokuma kocwecwe kanye nomthelela walo esivinini sokupholisa kubalulekile ekusebenzeni.
-Movement of Workpieces in Quenching Medium: Izingxenye zokupholisa ezihamba kancane kufanele zibhekane nendawo yokucisha. Ama-workpieces amise okwe-Symmetrically kufanele alandele indlela elinganiselayo futhi efanayo phakathi nendawo, egcina i-amplitude encane nokunyakaza okusheshayo. Kuma-workpieces amancane futhi amade, ukuzinza ngesikhathi sokucisha kubalulekile. Gwema ukushwiba futhi ucabange ukusebenzisa izinsimbi esikhundleni sokubopha izintambo ukuze uthole ukulawula okungcono.
- Isivinini sokuqeda: Izinto zokusebenza kufanele zicinywe ngokushesha. Ikakhulukazi kuma-workpieces amancane, afana nenduku, isivinini sokucisha kancane singaholela ekwenyukeni kokuguqulwa kokugoba kanye nomehluko wokuwohloka phakathi kwezigaba ezicinywe ngezikhathi ezihlukene.
Ukupholisa okulawulwayo: Ngezinto zokusebenza ezinomehluko omkhulu kusayizi wesigaba esiphambanayo, vikela izigaba ezipholisa ngokushesha ngezinto ezifana nentambo ye-asbestos noma amashidi ensimbi ukuze unciphise izinga lokupholisa futhi uzuze ukupholisa okufanayo.
-Ukupholisa Isikhathi Emanzini: Okwezingcezu zokusebenza ezihlangabezana kakhulu nokuwohloka ngenxa yengcindezi yesakhiwo, finyeza isikhathi sazo sokupholisa emanzini. Okwezingcezu zokusebenza ezishintsha kakhulu ngenxa yengcindezi yokushisa, nwebisa isikhathi sazo sokupholisa emanzini ukuze unciphise ukuwohloka kokucisha.
Ihlelwe nguMay Jiang evela kwaMAT Aluminium
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-21-2024
